Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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Sunday is the most popular day to visit parks (see figure 4.4); the number of visitors is 5.3 % higher than the average number during weekdays. Saturday seems to have no specific position in the course of a week. This analysis of visitors over the course of a week is not statistically significant because it is not based on sufficient counting days, but it offers a first basis for discussion and further studies. 4.2.2 Over the course of the day By focusing on Bach Thao park, an example can now be given of visitors over the course of a complete day, (see figure 4.5). The expected two peaks can be confirmed but with a clear ranking: 5 p.m. is the top peak hour and 6 a.m. is the second peak period with two-thirds the number of visitors of the top peak hour. 11 a.m. represents a peak of a third lower - just before noon, when the park is least busy. The peaks are 5 to 6 times higher than the bottom points (at noon). Because of this, two points can be concluded: Firstly, the large gaps determine how overwhelmed the park is in the early mornings and late afternoons, (see LUONG/STEINGRUBE 2012). But is there enough time in between the two peaks for the park’s eco-system to recover or not? If we offer more space to fit the large number during the “rush hours”, then a problem is that there is more ‘sleeping’ space in middle of the day, which costs a lot of money. On the other hand, the question for park designers and managers would be when conflicts between park users arise. For example, joggers do not like badminton players, because those players use the tracks where they jog. Secondly, distances between the gaps, in term of quantity and time, change a little during the course of the seasons. Because of the change in hours of light, the weather affects people’s behaviour on a more or less seasonal basis. However, further studies are needed for a more accurate conclusion. Figure 4.5 also shows that there is no large contrast between the number of male and female users during the days. Just to explain the small difference: Women use the park more often than men in the morning. Then, in the afternoon, it is the men’s turn to use the park more than the women. So, in general, space and facilities would be offered in balance to both male and female users. It depends on their specific activities; so park designers could offer separate areas or overlapping areas for use at different times. 77
share of park users every hour 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% % male % female Figure 4.5: The course of a day of park users (Bach Thao park, October 2011). (Own survey, 2010- 2011) Regarding children using the parks, RADEMACHER (2011: 62) already observed that the share of children is very low (see figure 4.6 a,b). Bach Thao Thong Nhat 6% 7% Men 44% 50% Women Children 42% 51% Figure 4.6: Shares of men, women and children in a) Bach Thao park b) Thong Nhat park. Source: RADEMACHER (2011:62) Children have to go to school till the afternoon, so more children visit parks in the afternoon (see figure 4.7) and mostly at weekends (RADEMACHER 2011: 65). 78
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Urban Green Areas - their functions
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TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
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2.4.3 Social benefits …………
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4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
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Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
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Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
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Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
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List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
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(% of responding people)………
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List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
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n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
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1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
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Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006
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The administrative organization and
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1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
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10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
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This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
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Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
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After that Hanoi citizens become mo
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to predict the future demand of UGA
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Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
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Observations are systematically pla
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(SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
Page 75 and 76: impact on the thinking and behaviou
Page 77 and 78: The resulting homogeneous social st
Page 79 and 80: for further understanding of lifest
Page 81 and 82: y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
Page 83 and 84: some aspects of their lifestyle as
Page 85 and 86: low-income and immigrant communitie
Page 87 and 88: observe is activity of people. Ther
Page 89 and 90: eality, each activity is done to sa
Page 91 and 92: 4 Recent utilization of parks and g
Page 93 and 94: (% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
Page 95 and 96: area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
Page 97: (% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
Page 101 and 102: These findings can be understood by
Page 103 and 104: Social statuses of the visitors mig
Page 105 and 106: Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
Page 107 and 108: Share of means of transportation 10
Page 109 and 110: Regarding the age of visitors it ca
Page 111 and 112: less frequent park users are higher
Page 113 and 114: People walking (13 % of observed ac
Page 115 and 116: From the point of view of park user
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
Page 119 and 120: missing entertainment facilities. m
Page 121 and 122: 4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
Page 123 and 124: 5 Expected future demand of urban g
Page 125 and 126: ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
Page 127 and 128: Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
Page 129 and 130: But urban areas are meanwhile total
Page 131 and 132: organize activities and sports whic
Page 133 and 134: As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
Page 135 and 136: countries, the result is that lifes
Page 137 and 138: media”, like newspapers, take inf
Page 139 and 140: environmental functions cause costs
Page 141 and 142: Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
Page 143 and 144: Such a master plan has to clarify t
Page 145 and 146: 7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
Page 147 and 148: among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
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COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
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GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
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Department of Psychology, Universit
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LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
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NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
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STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
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VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
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TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
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Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
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In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
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Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
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Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
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Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
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EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
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ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Publications 1
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