Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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(%) Figure 4.3 of age structures in the field survey (2010-2011) and in the 2009 census (for the inner city) shows that there is a difference for the 30-54 yearold age group and two large shares of people aged 15-29 and elderly people (over 55) have been interviewed. This discrepancy does not fulfill the intention of the sample structure, but the sample structure reflects better the “observed reality of park usages”. And it can be justified: The middle-aged people are mostly working people who cannot visit the parks during general working time, but the younger people do. This is because many young people go to school or study at universities and their “schooltime” is not as fixed as the time of working people. Thus, this sample mirrors well the real structure of current park visitors. 60 52.8 50 40 36 40 30 25.9 20 19.4 17 10 7 1.8 0 10-14 15-29 30-54 55+ the field survey (Age) in the population Figure 4.3: Age structures of the field survey versus of the census (2009). (Own survey, 2010-2011); GOV (2010). 4.1.4 Online survey As the face-to-face survey covers only the current situation of park usage an additional attempt has been made to reach a further group of people who are - possibly - not visiting the parks: An online survey should clarify the number of people who live in the neighbourhood of the investigated parks but who do not visit these parks. However, this attempt has not really been successful. The reasons are: There is until now not sufficient experience of using this survey method in Vietnam. People take part in such polls only if there is a clear economic benefit for them. Unfortunately such an “economic benefit” could not be realised within this study. People take part without an economic benefit if they are convinced by the need of the survey. However a personal contact is the most successful way of persuading people – and then an interview can be carried out instead of an online survey. This attempt was able to achieve 110 completed online questionnaires. Such a low number is not representative. But nevertheless the answers give a preliminary idea about people who might not go to parks. 75
(% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert interviews Expert interviews have been carried out to double-check hypotheses. As “urban green areas” are a very interdisciplinary subject which touches several planning departments and levels of administration, interviews with seven experts were conducted. All of them are very experienced in this subject, they cover all relevant fields of society and the environment, they are scientists and engineers or implementers, and they belong to NGOs as well as to NGOs. The interviews were carried out in September 2012. 4.2 The number of park users As already mentioned, there are no official statistics, which show the quantitative level of park usage. Several countings were conducted in 2010 and 2011 as part of this thesis. It is a first attempt – not with statistically sufficient certainty but useful to give a preliminary idea regarding the quantitative usage of the parks. The visitors to Bach Thao and Thong Nhat were counted in December 2010 already. Those results indicated that Thong Nhat received three times the number of visitors than Bach Thao. Concerning the course of the day, both parks seem to have a peak period in the early morning and late afternoon. Lunchtime seems to represent the lowest usage of the parks (see RADEMACHER 2011: 63 f.). Through additional counting undertaken in 2011 the data basis has been improved. So now some benchmark data are available. The relation between both parks is confirmed: There are on average per day 11,507 visitors to ThongNhat and 3,415 visitors to Bach Thao. 4.2.1 Over the course of the week 25.0% 20.0% 19.6% 15.0% 14.4% 13.0% 12.0% 13.7% 13.0% 14.3% Average (14.3%) 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun. Figure 4.4: Intensity of park usage over the course of the week. (Own survey, 2010- 2011) 76
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Urban Green Areas - their functions
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TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
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2.4.3 Social benefits …………
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4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
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Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
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Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
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Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
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List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
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(% of responding people)………
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List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
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n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
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1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
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Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006
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The administrative organization and
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1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
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10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
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This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
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Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
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After that Hanoi citizens become mo
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to predict the future demand of UGA
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Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
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Observations are systematically pla
Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
Page 75 and 76: impact on the thinking and behaviou
Page 77 and 78: The resulting homogeneous social st
Page 79 and 80: for further understanding of lifest
Page 81 and 82: y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
Page 83 and 84: some aspects of their lifestyle as
Page 85 and 86: low-income and immigrant communitie
Page 87 and 88: observe is activity of people. Ther
Page 89 and 90: eality, each activity is done to sa
Page 91 and 92: 4 Recent utilization of parks and g
Page 93 and 94: (% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
Page 95: area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
Page 99 and 100: share of park users every hour 16%
Page 101 and 102: These findings can be understood by
Page 103 and 104: Social statuses of the visitors mig
Page 105 and 106: Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
Page 107 and 108: Share of means of transportation 10
Page 109 and 110: Regarding the age of visitors it ca
Page 111 and 112: less frequent park users are higher
Page 113 and 114: People walking (13 % of observed ac
Page 115 and 116: From the point of view of park user
Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
Page 119 and 120: missing entertainment facilities. m
Page 121 and 122: 4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
Page 123 and 124: 5 Expected future demand of urban g
Page 125 and 126: ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
Page 127 and 128: Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
Page 129 and 130: But urban areas are meanwhile total
Page 131 and 132: organize activities and sports whic
Page 133 and 134: As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
Page 135 and 136: countries, the result is that lifes
Page 137 and 138: media”, like newspapers, take inf
Page 139 and 140: environmental functions cause costs
Page 141 and 142: Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
Page 143 and 144: Such a master plan has to clarify t
Page 145 and 146: 7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
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COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
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GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
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Department of Psychology, Universit
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LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
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NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
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STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
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VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
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TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
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Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
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In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
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Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
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Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
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Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
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EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
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ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
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