Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ... Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
4.1.2 Counting The number of users or visitors is one of the most important pieces of information when discussing public parks. Unfortunately there are no reliable data for Hanoi’s parks. Parks’ managers do not collect such data. The idea of estimating the number of visitors by entrance tickets or by means of motorbikes is not practical either. This is because people who go to the parks for sport and exercise do not need to pay an entrance fee and people who use parking lots near the gates of the parks might not go into the parks. The management of such parking lots is not well recorded and totally unreliable. Of course, one simple explanation for this data gap is that many public parks in Hanoi are completely open spaces, meaning that there are no fences or other barriers which lead the visitors to one or a few entrances. Hoan Kiem and Lenin Park belong to this type of openspace park. But Thong Nhat and also Bach Thao park are surrounded by fences. Thus countings were conducted to get a preliminary idea of the number of visitors to both of these parks. The visitors were counted at every gate (seven at Thong Nhat park and two at Bach Thao). The countings cover days with different features: working days as well as free days at weekends, weather conditions - rainy days as well as sunny days. The countings run through the course of entire days from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. in 2010 (see the form: Appendix 6, 2 and 3). During summer holidays many people go to parks very early. After some observation trials, in July 2011 counting time was set longer from 5 a.m .till 7 p.m. Picture 4.1. Thong Nhat gate (at Dai Co Viet street). (Own picture, Mon., 17 10 2011, 5:27 a.m.). The second counting period was planned in July 2011 for Thong Nhat and Bach Thao park. But the director of the company which manages Thong Nhat park did not allow counting there. He was a new director who had replaced the one we had worked with in 2010. Even though we had a dispatch from Hanoi National University of Science to introduce our work, he refused a meeting. Thus, the counting was able to be done in Bach Thao park only. 73
area (m 2 ) The collected data by this counting system do not fulfill sufficient statistical criteria, thus the data are not representative. But nevertheless they give a good first idea of the real quantity of park users. 4.1.3 Face-to-face interviews All the desired information that cannot be observed or clarified by secondary data has to be obtained by direct surveys with the park users. As interviews are the most reliable form of surveys (see chapter 1.4.3) face-to-face interviews with visitors were conducted in all four parks (see appendix 7 and 8). The interviews were done in four waves between December 2010 and September 2011 (see table 4.2). In total, the survey collected 2,143 evaluable questionnaires. Concerning the quality of the survey: This large number of evaluable questionnaires ensures a high level of statistical significance. Based on the typical confidence level of 95 % the confidence interval is at least 3 % (see: SMITH 2010: 103) – even if we estimate the relevant population size at more than 1 million inhabitants. This good level of significance also enables statistically verified statements about many subgroups also ensuring a confidence interval of 5 %. 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 810 499 Thong Bach Thao Nhat park park 718 116 Bo Ho Lenin park 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 (questionnaire) area (m2) Number of questionnaires Figure 4.2: Share of number of questionnaires versus size of parks. (Own survey, 2010- 2011) As there has been no reliable information about the number of park users the size of the samples was oriented a little on the size of the parks: Thong Nhat is the largest and Lenin park is the smallest park, so most interviews were undertaken in Thong Nhat (see figure 4.2). As we supposed that most park visitors live in the neighbourhood of the four investigated parks we tried to orientate the sample on the age structure of Hanoi’s inner city as well. 74
- Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
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area (m 2 )<br />
The collected data by this counting system do not fulfill sufficient statistical criteria, thus<br />
the data are not representative. But nevertheless they give a good first idea <strong>of</strong> the real<br />
quantity <strong>of</strong> park users.<br />
4.1.3 Face-to-face interviews<br />
All the desired information that cannot be observed or clarified by secondary data has to be<br />
obtained by direct surveys with the park users. As interviews are the most reliable form <strong>of</strong><br />
surveys (see chapter 1.4.3) face-to-face interviews with visitors were conducted in all four<br />
parks (see appendix 7 and 8).<br />
The interviews were done in four waves between December 2010 and September 2011 (see<br />
table 4.2). In total, the survey collected 2,143 evaluable questionnaires.<br />
Concerning the quality <strong>of</strong> the survey: This large number <strong>of</strong> evaluable questionnaires<br />
ensures a high level <strong>of</strong> statistical significance. Based on the typical confidence level <strong>of</strong><br />
95 % the confidence interval is at least 3 % (see: SMITH 2010: 103) <strong>–</strong> even if we estimate<br />
the relevant population size at more than 1 million inhabitants.<br />
This good level <strong>of</strong> significance also enables statistically verified statements about many<br />
subgroups also ensuring a confidence interval <strong>of</strong> 5 %.<br />
600,000<br />
500,000<br />
400,000<br />
300,000<br />
200,000<br />
100,000<br />
0<br />
810<br />
499<br />
Thong Bach Thao<br />
Nhat park park<br />
718<br />
116<br />
Bo Ho Lenin park<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
(questionnaire)<br />
area (m2)<br />
Number <strong>of</strong><br />
questionnaires<br />
Figure 4.2: Share <strong>of</strong> number <strong>of</strong> questionnaires versus size <strong>of</strong> parks.<br />
(Own survey, 2010- 2011)<br />
As there has been no reliable information about the number <strong>of</strong> park users the size <strong>of</strong> the<br />
samples was oriented a little on the size <strong>of</strong> the parks: Thong Nhat is the largest and Lenin<br />
park is the smallest park, so most interviews were <strong>under</strong>taken in Thong Nhat (see figure<br />
4.2).<br />
As we supposed that most park visitors live in the neighbourhood <strong>of</strong> the four investigated<br />
parks we tried to orientate the sample on the age structure <strong>of</strong> Hanoi’s inner city as well.<br />
74
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