Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ... Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
The positive attributes are: Many people will have work which will satisfy their material and spiritual needs; Competition encourages individual and institutional creativity Overseas investment provides an opening to the values and mores of other cultures The negative attributes are: Traditional cultural values may be lost , The rapid changes in society lead to an increasing gap between rich and poor. The random acquisition of poorly understood superficial elements of foreign cultures can quickly lead people away from the national moral standards. Besides the traditional values attaching much importance to emotion, living coldly and listless to what happen in surrounding started to appear in the society. In summarizing the Vietnamese response to changing circumstance, THOMAS/DRUMMOND (2003:15) states that, shifting from a closed society and centrally- planned economy to a socialist oriented global market economy is causing a social metamorphosis. Pop-culture, bringing diverse patterns of consumption and distinction among social classes, is readily see now in Hanoi and an urban lifestyle has arisen from the processes involved in the “global flows of ideas, capital and products”. DAVEY (2009: n.p.) supposes that “we cannot change one element of our lifestyle very far without having to change other aspects.” To have influence in many other aspects, we need to observe how a society is going to change by observing and understanding lifestyle changes. 3.2 Lifestyle Lifestyle “trips easily off the tongue” (COLLIER et al. 2010: n.p.) and has become a common category in a number of social media. It is about how people live, enjoy their lives or suffer with lives. The Oxford online dictionary (OUP 2011: n.p.) defines lifestyle as the way people live their own life. It describes how people favour particular trends in design or architecture; how they relax; how they celebrate; and how they choose to exploit the available health care options. 3.2.1 Lifestyle – the state of the art Different scientific disciplines have tried to understand and explain people’s lives and their behaviour by this term Development of the concept The concept of lifestyle was established first by WEBER (1925). He referred to lifestyle as life choices and life chances (see figure3.3). Life choices are what people decide to do. Life chances are opportunities, what it is possible for people to do. These comments set the basis 57
for further understanding of lifestyle. Lifestyle is about making choices. For instance, a person can choose either to go to a park or to stay at home and watch a comedy for relaxation. If he decides to go to a park, which parks are available for him to go that are life chances. Figure 3.3: Concepts of Lifestyle Source (LUONG/STEINGRUBE 2013) Later, LALONDE (1974) developed the idea of life choices in terms of self-control. Focusing on individuals, BOUDIEUR elaborated a person’s routine practices in the context of the external world. Several years later, innovative technologies brought massive new influences on human life and as a consequence lifestyle studies paid more attention to these aspects. Examples can be found in the studies of GIDDENS (1990, 1991). These impress the importance of modern life, which provides a person more options to choose from. Meanwhile, COKERHAM’s (1997, 2005) researches stressed more the collective issues. Consequently, these analyses are more helpful to study the lifestyle of a social group. Afterwards, FROHLICH/POTVIN et al. (2001) develop a new term of “metalifestyle”. This development determines the complicated reactions between subjective views and objective reality. It examines the relations between economic, social, and political conditions, legal aspects, routines and individuals’ relationships to those contextual characteristics as operational measures of lifestyles” (FENG 2009: 118). Those authors’ notion of lifestyle in public health is thoroughly reviewed by FENG (2009). In this thesis the notion of lifestyle so developed will be adopted, 58
- Page 27 and 28: The administrative organization and
- Page 29 and 30: 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
- Page 31 and 32: 10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
- Page 33 and 34: This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
- Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
- Page 37 and 38: After that Hanoi citizens become mo
- Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
- Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
- Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
- Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
- Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
- Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
- Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
- Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
- Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
- Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
- Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
- Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
- Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
- Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
- Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
- Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
- Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
- Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
- Page 75 and 76: impact on the thinking and behaviou
- Page 77: The resulting homogeneous social st
- Page 81 and 82: y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
- Page 83 and 84: some aspects of their lifestyle as
- Page 85 and 86: low-income and immigrant communitie
- Page 87 and 88: observe is activity of people. Ther
- Page 89 and 90: eality, each activity is done to sa
- Page 91 and 92: 4 Recent utilization of parks and g
- Page 93 and 94: (% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
- Page 95 and 96: area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
- Page 97 and 98: (% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
- Page 99 and 100: share of park users every hour 16%
- Page 101 and 102: These findings can be understood by
- Page 103 and 104: Social statuses of the visitors mig
- Page 105 and 106: Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
- Page 107 and 108: Share of means of transportation 10
- Page 109 and 110: Regarding the age of visitors it ca
- Page 111 and 112: less frequent park users are higher
- Page 113 and 114: People walking (13 % of observed ac
- Page 115 and 116: From the point of view of park user
- Page 117 and 118: Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
- Page 119 and 120: missing entertainment facilities. m
- Page 121 and 122: 4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
- Page 123 and 124: 5 Expected future demand of urban g
- Page 125 and 126: ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
- Page 127 and 128: Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
for further <strong>under</strong>standing <strong>of</strong> <strong>lifestyle</strong>. Lifestyle is about making choices. For instance, a<br />
person can choose either to go to a park or to stay at home and watch a comedy for<br />
relaxation. If he decides to go to a park, which parks are available for him to go that are life<br />
chances.<br />
Figure 3.3: Concepts <strong>of</strong> Lifestyle<br />
Source (LUONG/STEINGRUBE 2013)<br />
Later, LALONDE (1974) developed the idea <strong>of</strong> life choices in terms <strong>of</strong> self-control.<br />
Focusing on individuals, BOUDIEUR elaborated a person’s routine practices in the context<br />
<strong>of</strong> the external world. Several years later, innovative technologies brought massive new<br />
influences on human life and as a consequence <strong>lifestyle</strong> studies paid more attention to these<br />
aspects. Examples can be found in the studies <strong>of</strong> GIDDENS (1990, 1991). These impress<br />
the importance <strong>of</strong> modern life, which provides a person more options to choose from.<br />
Meanwhile, COKERHAM’s (1997, 2005) researches stressed more the collective issues.<br />
Consequently, these analyses are more helpful to study the <strong>lifestyle</strong> <strong>of</strong> a social group.<br />
Afterwards, FROHLICH/POTVIN et al. (2001) develop a new term <strong>of</strong> “meta<strong>lifestyle</strong>”. This<br />
development determines the complicated reactions between subjective views and objective<br />
reality. It examines the relations between economic, social, and political conditions, legal<br />
aspects, routines and individuals’ relationships to those contextual characteristics as<br />
operational measures <strong>of</strong> <strong>lifestyle</strong>s” (FENG 2009: 118).<br />
Those authors’ notion <strong>of</strong> <strong>lifestyle</strong> in public health is thoroughly reviewed by FENG (2009).<br />
In this thesis the notion <strong>of</strong> <strong>lifestyle</strong> so developed will be adopted,<br />
58
Change language