Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ... Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
Figure 2.2: Factors influencing the thermal comfort and their inter-relationships Source: KANTOR/UNGER (2010: 37) Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET; measured in degree Celsius) is popular indicator, which is chosen (by MATZARAKIS et al. 1990) as an index to measure thermal comfort condition. Figure 2.3 is edited by (KANTOR and UNGER 2010:39). THERMAL SENSATION PET ( 0 C) PHYSIOLOGI CAL STRESS LEVEL Figure 2.3: PET ranges for various thermal sensation and stress levels Source: (KANTOR and UNGER 2010:39) However, these results refer to European people, (default: 1.75 m, 75 kg, 35 years old standing male). For Vietnamese, even fulfills those indicators, they stand on Hanoi parks (in subtropical zone), they still feel cold when the temperature is 13-15 degree Celsius already. Indeed, NGUYEN/REITER (2011) determine this inapplicability by two softwares with case study in Hanoi. The results from both softwares show the comfort zone are “extremely low” comparing with the real attitude of everybody (NGUYEN/REITER 2011: 323-328). Therefore, the climate zone and its population should be always kept in mind. Those indexes and ranges are evidences for level of missing academic studies about parks. We took them as references for confronting with the situation in Hanoi parks. 49
Table 2.3: Publications about urban comfort in Vietnam. Author DANG, Pham Ngoc 2002 GOROMOXOP, 1963 PHONG, Đào Ngọc 1984 WTO (the World Tourism Organisation) Therma l comfort 28.5- 29.5 0 C 18 - 26 0 C 27 - 29 0 C 15- 20 0 C Relative humidity (RH) comfort Wind speed comfort Note 90 % RH 0.8- 1 m/s Fields of bioclimatic, 30- 60 % 0.1- 0. 2 m/s 80 % RH 0.2- 0. 6 m/s architecture; empirical research in Hanoi, 2002. YEN et. al. (2009:88) YEN et. al. (2009:88) 14-21mb AH Worldwide applied YEN et. al. (2009:88) Source (DANG 2002; YEN et al. 2009) There are several studies and application on urban thermal comfort for Hanoi. However, those data are not unified (see table 2.3). Because empirical studies are conducted differently (e.g., DANG 2002 versus PHONG 1984) or indices are adopt roughly results from other countries to Hanoi’s situation (YEN versus WTO) as shown in table 2.3. Therefore, to guarantee secondary data is precise and applicable, it is necessary to verify which index is accurate or to up-to-date indices. It indicates that there are not yet realizable indicators of thermal comfort in Vietnam. 50
- Page 19 and 20: List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
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- Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
- Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
- Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
- Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
- Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
- Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
- Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
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- Page 93 and 94: (% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
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Table 2.3: Publications about urban comfort in Vietnam.<br />
Author<br />
DANG, Pham Ngoc<br />
2002<br />
GOROMOXOP,<br />
1963<br />
PHONG, Đào Ngọc<br />
1984<br />
WTO (the World<br />
Tourism<br />
Organisation)<br />
Therma<br />
l<br />
comfort<br />
28.5-<br />
29.5 0 C<br />
18 - 26<br />
0 C<br />
27 - 29<br />
0 C<br />
15- 20<br />
0 C<br />
Relative<br />
humidity (RH)<br />
comfort<br />
Wind<br />
speed<br />
comfort<br />
Note<br />
90 % RH 0.8- 1 m/s Fields <strong>of</strong> bioclimatic,<br />
30- 60 % 0.1- 0.<br />
2 m/s<br />
80 % RH 0.2- 0.<br />
6 m/s<br />
architecture; empirical<br />
research in Hanoi, 2002.<br />
YEN et. al. (2009:88)<br />
YEN et. al. (2009:88)<br />
14-21mb AH Worldwide applied<br />
YEN et. al. (2009:88)<br />
Source (DANG 2002; YEN et al. 2009)<br />
There are several studies and application on urban thermal comfort for Hanoi. However,<br />
those data are not unified (see table 2.3). Because empirical studies are conducted<br />
differently (e.g., DANG 2002 versus PHONG 1984) or indices are adopt roughly results<br />
from other countries to Hanoi’s situation (YEN versus WTO) as shown in table 2.3.<br />
Therefore, to guarantee secondary data is precise and applicable, it is necessary to verify<br />
which index is accurate or to up-to-date indices. It indicates that there are not yet realizable<br />
indicators <strong>of</strong> thermal comfort in Vietnam.<br />
50
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