Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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1.4.4.2 Not-standardized surveys……………………………………………………….… 27 1.4.5 Mapping……………………………………………………………………….… 27 2 Urban green areas (UGAs)……………………………….......... 28 2.1 Historical development …………………………………………….. 28 2.1.1 Ancient period…………………………………………………………………... 28 2.1.1.1 Ancient Egyptian gardens………..……………………………………………….. 28 2.1.1.2 Ancient Mesopotamia Parks…….………………………………………………... 29 2.1.1.3 Persian gardens…………………..………………………………………………. 29 2.1.1.4 Classical Chinese gardens……….…………………..…………………………… 29 2.1.1.5 The Japanese gardens ………..………………………………………………..…. 29 2.1.1.6 Ancient Greek gardens……………………………………………………………. 29 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens…………………………………………………………... 30 2.1.2 The middle period………………………………………………………………. 30 2.1.2.1 Pre-Medieval ……………………………………………………………………... 30 2.1.2.2 Renaissance……………………………………………………………………….. 30 2.1.2.3 Post-Medieval period …………………………………………………………….. 31 2.1.3 Early modern period …………………………………………………………… 31 2.1.3.1 Landscape parks……………………………………….………………………….. 31 2.1.3.2 19th-century City Parks………………………………………………………....... 32 2.1.4 Modern Times ………………………………………………………………….. 33 2.1.5 Summary………………………………………………………………………… 35 2.2 State of the art………………………………………………………. 36 2.2.1 At the global level……………………………………………………………….. 36 2.2.2 In Vietnam………………………………………………………………………. 36 2.3 Definitions & categories of UGAs………………………………..... 37 2.3.1 Terms & definitions…………………………………………………………….. 37 2.3.2 Typologies……………………………………………………………………….. 38 2.4 Benefits of UGAs……………………………………………………. 42 2.4.1 Ecological benefits……………………………………………………………… 43 2.4.2 Economic benefits………………………………………………………………. 44
2.4.3 Social benefits …………………………………………………………………... 45 2.4.4 Possible negative aspects……………………………………………………..… 45 2.5 Urban comfort……………………………………………………… 47 3 Social changes & lifestyle in Hanoi…………………………... 51 3.1 Social change in Hanoi……………………………………………... 51 3.1.1 A rapid growing economy……………………………………………………… 51 3.1.1.1 Economic growth recently…………………………………………………….….. 52 3.1.1.2 The impact of the market economy……………………………………………….. 52 3.1.2 The impact of policies and institutions…………………………………..……. 53 3.1.3 Development of Science & New technology (S&T) ………………….………. 54 3.1.3.1 From the Government side……………………………………………………..… 54 3.1.3.2 From the citizen side…………………………………………………..………..… 54 3.1.4 The impact of human factors…………….………………………….………… 55 3.1.5 The impact of globalisation…………….……………………………………… 56 3.2 Lifestyle………………………………………………………...…… 57 3.2.1 Lifestyle – the state of the art…………………………………………..….….. 57 3.2.2 Lifestyle- classification…………………………………………………..…..…. 59 3.2.3 Determining factors of lifestyle………………………………………...……... 60 3.2.3.1 Age………………………………………………………….……………..……... 61 3.2.3.2 Gender…………………………………………………………….…….………... 62 3.2.3.3 Education…………………………………………………..…………………….. 62 3.2.3.4 Income and expenditure………………………….………………………..…….. 62 3.2.3.5 Social class…………………………………..………………………….……….. 62 3.2.3.6 Social norms…………………………..………………………………..………… 63
Page 1 and 2: Urban Green Areas - their functions
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
Page 7 and 8: 4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
Page 9 and 10: Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
Page 11 and 12: Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
Page 13 and 14: Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
Page 15 and 16: List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
Page 17 and 18: (% of responding people)………
Page 19 and 20: List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
Page 21 and 22: n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006
Page 27 and 28: The administrative organization and
Page 29 and 30: 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
Page 31 and 32: 10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
Page 33 and 34: This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
Page 37 and 38: After that Hanoi citizens become mo
Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
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elements from earlier English, Fren
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In the early modern period, the spr
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esponsible administrative level, et
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As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
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and quantity of the available trees
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surround. That is most intensive fo
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First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
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There are several approaches to con
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Table 2.3: Publications about urban
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BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
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impact on the thinking and behaviou
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The resulting homogeneous social st
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for further understanding of lifest
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y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
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some aspects of their lifestyle as
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low-income and immigrant communitie
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observe is activity of people. Ther
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eality, each activity is done to sa
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4 Recent utilization of parks and g
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(% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
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area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
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(% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
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share of park users every hour 16%
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These findings can be understood by
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Social statuses of the visitors mig
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Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
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Share of means of transportation 10
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Regarding the age of visitors it ca
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less frequent park users are higher
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People walking (13 % of observed ac
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From the point of view of park user
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Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
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missing entertainment facilities. m
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4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
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5 Expected future demand of urban g
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ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
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Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
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But urban areas are meanwhile total
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organize activities and sports whic
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As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
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countries, the result is that lifes
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media”, like newspapers, take inf
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environmental functions cause costs
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Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
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Such a master plan has to clarify t
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7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
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COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
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GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
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Department of Psychology, Universit
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LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
Page 159 and 160:
NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
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STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
Page 163 and 164:
VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
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TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
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Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
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In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
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Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
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Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
Page 177:
Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
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EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
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ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
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