Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

1.4.4.2 Not-standardized surveys……………………………………………………….… 27
1.4.5 Mapping……………………………………………………………………….… 27
2 Urban green areas (UGAs)……………………………….......... 28
2.1 Historical development …………………………………………….. 28
2.1.1 Ancient period…………………………………………………………………... 28
2.1.1.1 Ancient Egyptian gardens………..……………………………………………….. 28
2.1.1.2 Ancient Mesopotamia Parks…….………………………………………………... 29
2.1.1.3 Persian gardens…………………..………………………………………………. 29
2.1.1.4 Classical Chinese gardens……….…………………..…………………………… 29
2.1.1.5 The Japanese gardens ………..………………………………………………..…. 29
2.1.1.6 Ancient Greek gardens……………………………………………………………. 29
2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens…………………………………………………………... 30
2.1.2 The middle period………………………………………………………………. 30
2.1.2.1 Pre-Medieval ……………………………………………………………………... 30
2.1.2.2 Renaissance……………………………………………………………………….. 30
2.1.2.3 Post-Medieval period …………………………………………………………….. 31
2.1.3 Early modern period …………………………………………………………… 31
2.1.3.1 Landscape parks……………………………………….………………………….. 31
2.1.3.2 19th-century City Parks………………………………………………………....... 32
2.1.4 Modern Times ………………………………………………………………….. 33
2.1.5 Summary………………………………………………………………………… 35
2.2 State of the art………………………………………………………. 36
2.2.1 At the global level……………………………………………………………….. 36
2.2.2 In Vietnam………………………………………………………………………. 36
2.3 Definitions & categories of UGAs………………………………..... 37
2.3.1 Terms & definitions…………………………………………………………….. 37
2.3.2 Typologies……………………………………………………………………….. 38
2.4 Benefits of UGAs……………………………………………………. 42
2.4.1 Ecological benefits……………………………………………………………… 43
2.4.2 Economic benefits………………………………………………………………. 44