Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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spaces, and make urban environmental issues more serious. A further point is that the 2020 master plan seems to lack a theoretical basis or a holistic framework for organizing green structure on a city scale (UY/NAKAGOSHI 2008: 25). 1.2.2 The political system in Hanoi Hanoi is a municipality, which is the highest level in the ranking of the six urban levels in Vietnam’s urban system. Hanoi city is directly under the control and supervision of the national government. “ olitical structure of Hanoi government authority” divides its power in two main institutions, namely the Hanoi resident’s council and the Hanoi eople’s Committee. The former is elected every two years and then elects the members of the Hanoi eople’s Committee (see Figure 1.6). “In Hanoi, the relationship between the Communist Party and the municipal government is crucial in that the Communist Party is the most critical source of power within Vietnamese society. The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) comprises two elements. First, the CPV at the municipal level consists of a party bureaucracy that mirrors the bureaucratic structure of local government. Second, Party Congresses are the formal means of drawing together Party members, making decisions on policy and plans, and electing members to sit in the next Party Congress (which are held at provincial, city, district or precinct, village, township and ward levels)” (HORE 2005: 168–170). The structure of the system is divided in a vertical and a horizontal axis. Along the vertical axis, the system comprises three higher administrational levels and two to three subordinate levels of resident management. Along the horizontal axis, the system includes two levels of all branches (namely personnel and organization, police, culture- sport and tourism, construction, transport, training and education). At the city level, those branches are referred to as departments. At the district level, units under those departments are referred to as institutes. Depending on the size and development of branches, departments and institutes can be expanded or reduced. 13
Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi City Administration 2005 Source: HAPI (2004a, b cited in Han: 2005). 1.2.3 Management of Planning This section discusses changes in policy in Vietnam and reaction from society, particularly in Hanoi. As already mentioned, Hanoi recently has high rates of economic and population growth ( nown as ‘hot growth’). This contributes to rapid changes in land use and occupational patterns of urban spaces (ZERAH 2007: 122). The construction environment is changing the city image, for example, new “large commercial centres, well-located spaces” (ZERAH 2007: 122) and “the private gate (modeled on the randenburg Gate)” have been constructed (DRUMMOND 2012: 79-80). “Hanoi at the end of 21 st century’s first decade presents an urban landscape that is often described primarily as ‘chaotic’” (DRUMMOND 2012: 80). In particular, chaotic might be the right word for describing “everyday life in the city” and the utilization of par s and gardens is part of everyday life. 14
Page 1 and 2: Urban Green Areas - their functions
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.3 Social benefits …………
Page 7 and 8: 4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
Page 9 and 10: Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
Page 11 and 12: Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
Page 13 and 14: Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
Page 15 and 16: List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
Page 17 and 18: (% of responding people)………
Page 19 and 20: List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
Page 21 and 22: n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006
Page 27 and 28: The administrative organization and
Page 29 and 30: 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
Page 31 and 32: 10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
Page 33: This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
Page 37 and 38: After that Hanoi citizens become mo
Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
Page 75 and 76: impact on the thinking and behaviou
Page 77 and 78: The resulting homogeneous social st
Page 79 and 80: for further understanding of lifest
Page 81 and 82: y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
Page 83 and 84: some aspects of their lifestyle as
Page 85 and 86:
low-income and immigrant communitie
Page 87 and 88:
observe is activity of people. Ther
Page 89 and 90:
eality, each activity is done to sa
Page 91 and 92:
4 Recent utilization of parks and g
Page 93 and 94:
(% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
Page 95 and 96:
area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
Page 97 and 98:
(% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
Page 99 and 100:
share of park users every hour 16%
Page 101 and 102:
These findings can be understood by
Page 103 and 104:
Social statuses of the visitors mig
Page 105 and 106:
Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
Page 107 and 108:
Share of means of transportation 10
Page 109 and 110:
Regarding the age of visitors it ca
Page 111 and 112:
less frequent park users are higher
Page 113 and 114:
People walking (13 % of observed ac
Page 115 and 116:
From the point of view of park user
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
Page 119 and 120:
missing entertainment facilities. m
Page 121 and 122:
4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
Page 123 and 124:
5 Expected future demand of urban g
Page 125 and 126:
ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
Page 127 and 128:
Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
Page 129 and 130:
But urban areas are meanwhile total
Page 131 and 132:
organize activities and sports whic
Page 133 and 134:
As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
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countries, the result is that lifes
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media”, like newspapers, take inf
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environmental functions cause costs
Page 141 and 142:
Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
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Such a master plan has to clarify t
Page 145 and 146:
7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
Page 151 and 152:
COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
Page 153 and 154:
GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
Page 155 and 156:
Department of Psychology, Universit
Page 157 and 158:
LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
Page 159 and 160:
NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
Page 161 and 162:
STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
Page 163 and 164:
VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
Page 165 and 166:
TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
Page 169 and 170:
In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
Page 177:
Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
Page 182 and 183:
EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
Page 184 and 185:
ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
Page 186:
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Publications 1
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