Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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According to the Vietnamese standard of construction - TCXDVN 362 (2005), the per capita area for parks and flower gardens is about 7–9 and 3–3.3 m 2 , respectively - equivalent to a total of 2500 – 3075 ha. However, in reality, the per capita area for parks and gardens in the inner city is very low (see Figure 2). In general the per capita area for UGA is very low compared with developed cities, e.g., London: 26.9 m 2 /person, Berlin: 27.4 m 2 /person, New York: 29.3 m 2 /person (HAIDEP 2007: 45/132). When comparing with the density map (Map 3), it is notable that, Ba Dinh district has the lowest density but is the greenest district. 1.2.1.7 The future vision of Hanoi The capital construction master plan to 2030 and the vision to 2050 was signed in 2011 (HAI 2011: 8-15). The Ministry of Construction then promulgated the Regulation on the general plan and published the detailed plans. The Hanoi Master plan (2011), covers an area of 3,344.6 km 2 with more than 6.5 million inhabitants and deals with a number of complicated issues including urban spatial structure, transport and environment (see STEINGRUBE 2010:146). The model chosen for the urban structure involves a multi-node and multi-level linking net which includes a nuclear urban centre, five ‘satellite’ functional towns, ecological towns and the inclusion of other already existed towns. A new 30 km-long axis, Thang Long, begins in Hoang Quoc Viet street and runs to Ba Vi mountain. This is also a landscape-architecture axis of the city, in which parks and monuments will be constructed. At the end of the axis is an area set aside for the national administrative center which will be constructed after 2050. Green area occupies 70 % of the total area of the new Hanoi in the plan, leaving 30 % of total area for all other uses. The plan has been designed for 9 – 9.2 million inhabitations in 2030 and 10.8 million inhabitations in 2050. The plan envisages that in 2030 the inner city will have 3.7 million people at a density of 60-65m 2 /person; the outskirts will have 4.6 million people; density in the expanding area towards the south of the Red river will be 90-95m 2 /person, and towards the north of the river 75- 90m 2 . Rural green areas are preserved and are connected closely with agriculture areas and craftvillages. Other elements are green corridors, which include rural areas, natural areas (mountains, forest and agriculture areas). Those corridors run along Day river, Tich river, Ba Vi and the Huong Tich mountain ranges, following the fourth belt road, over the Red river and connecting with green areas surrounding Den Soc, in Son Tay town. 9
10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK THONG NHAT PARK Figure 1.4: Park area on district level of Hanoi (2005) Data source: cartographic Atlas Vietnam (2009) and HAIDEP (2007:2-8) Editor: Le To Luong 10
Page 1 and 2: Urban Green Areas - their functions
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.3 Social benefits …………
Page 7 and 8: 4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
Page 9 and 10: Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
Page 11 and 12: Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
Page 13 and 14: Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
Page 15 and 16: List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
Page 17 and 18: (% of responding people)………
Page 19 and 20: List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
Page 21 and 22: n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006
Page 27 and 28: The administrative organization and
Page 29: 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
Page 33 and 34: This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
Page 37 and 38: After that Hanoi citizens become mo
Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
Page 75 and 76: impact on the thinking and behaviou
Page 77 and 78: The resulting homogeneous social st
Page 79 and 80: for further understanding of lifest
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y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
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some aspects of their lifestyle as
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low-income and immigrant communitie
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observe is activity of people. Ther
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eality, each activity is done to sa
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4 Recent utilization of parks and g
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(% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
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area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
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(% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
Page 99 and 100:
share of park users every hour 16%
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These findings can be understood by
Page 103 and 104:
Social statuses of the visitors mig
Page 105 and 106:
Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
Page 107 and 108:
Share of means of transportation 10
Page 109 and 110:
Regarding the age of visitors it ca
Page 111 and 112:
less frequent park users are higher
Page 113 and 114:
People walking (13 % of observed ac
Page 115 and 116:
From the point of view of park user
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Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
Page 119 and 120:
missing entertainment facilities. m
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4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
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5 Expected future demand of urban g
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ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
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Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
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But urban areas are meanwhile total
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organize activities and sports whic
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As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
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countries, the result is that lifes
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media”, like newspapers, take inf
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environmental functions cause costs
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Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
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Such a master plan has to clarify t
Page 145 and 146:
7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
Page 151 and 152:
COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
Page 153 and 154:
GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
Page 155 and 156:
Department of Psychology, Universit
Page 157 and 158:
LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
Page 159 and 160:
NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
Page 161 and 162:
STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
Page 163 and 164:
VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
Page 165 and 166:
TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
Page 169 and 170:
In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
Page 177:
Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
Page 182 and 183:
EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
Page 184 and 185:
ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
Page 186:
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Publications 1
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