Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...

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een excessive precipitation due to sudden persistant rainstorms. In 2008-2009 the annual rainfall reached a value of 2268 mm/year. Figure 1.2: Location of Hanoi in the Indochina Peninsula (own source) 3
Table 1.1: Climate indicators (2006-2010) Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sunshine duration (hours) 1363 1462 1234 1413 1256 Rainfall (mm) 1249.0 1659.0 2268.0 2268.0 1239.2 Mean humidity (%) 78 78 79 77 78 Source: GSUV (2010: 11); GSO (2010: n.p.) The temperature characteristics of the study area are presented in the following table: Table 1.2: Characteristic temperature ( 0 C) of Hanoi Features Values ( 0 C) Average annual temperature 23.5 Highest monthly average temperature 32.9 Lowest monthly average temperature 14.0 Absolute maximum temperature 42.8 Absolute lowest temperature 2.7 Daily amplitude 6.4 Source: GSO (2011: 18). Summer begins in May and lasts until August. During this period the average temperature is 27.5 0 C. The hottest months are June and July when the average temperature is 29.2 0 C. During this period, the southwest monsoon blows in from Laos. These months are very hot and muggy and parks and gardens with a lot of tree shadow and lakes are the popular places of recreation. Usually, after a heat wave, there is intense rainfall and a drop in the temperature (PHUC 1994:19-22). The rainy season lasts 6 months, from May to October and 85 % of the annual rainfall occurs during this time. In August temperatures are lower than in July, but there is more rain. In the autumn the air temperature is cooler and the vegetation cover changes from green to yellow. Hanoi winters consist of a dry period followed by a wet period. However, because of the low and flat terrain, the climate of the Red River Delta shows some peculiarities compared to other regions of the northern Delta. Winter starts in November. Wind (northern) from the central Asia, beyond Baikal lake, blows through Mongolia and China, through the northern mountains of Vietnam, and is cold and dry when it reaches Hanoi. At the end of winter and beginning of spring, air masses move into Hanoi, bringing moisture and some rainfall from the Gulf of Thailand to the east coast of Vietnam. Spring lasts for two months. 1.2 Hanoi – city plans and management Urban planning deals with the design and organization of urban space to ensure a coordinated development of the population and their basic needs and activities. The main 4
Page 1 and 2: Urban Green Areas - their functions
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract………
Page 5 and 6: 2.4.3 Social benefits …………
Page 7 and 8: 4.4.3 Frequency and Length of stay
Page 9 and 10: Abstract Hanoi is a rapidly develop
Page 11 and 12: Abstrakt Hanoi ist eine expandieren
Page 13 and 14: Tóm tắt Hà Nội đang phát tr
Page 15 and 16: List of Figure: Figure 1.1: Implica
Page 17 and 18: (% of responding people)………
Page 19 and 20: List of Pictures Picture 1.1a: Tran
Page 21 and 22: n.n. Nov. No author November R- Rec
Page 23: 1.1 Hanoi - the city under study Vi
Page 27 and 28: The administrative organization and
Page 29 and 30: 1.2.1.4 Period 1964-1974 (see CHIEN
Page 31 and 32: 10 BACH THAO PARK HOAN KIEM PARK TH
Page 33 and 34: This “2020 Hanoi master plan” s
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.6: Organisation of Hanoi C
Page 37 and 38: After that Hanoi citizens become mo
Page 39 and 40: to predict the future demand of UGA
Page 41 and 42: Figure 1.8: Sources of data Source:
Page 43 and 44: Observations are systematically pla
Page 45 and 46: (SUPPITAKSAKUL et al. 2006; VISSCHE
Page 47 and 48: esearch fields in developed countri
Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
Page 53 and 54: trees were not planted in rows whil
Page 55 and 56: elements from earlier English, Fren
Page 57 and 58: In the early modern period, the spr
Page 59 and 60: esponsible administrative level, et
Page 61 and 62: As showing in the Figure 2.1, some
Page 63 and 64: and quantity of the available trees
Page 65 and 66: surround. That is most intensive fo
Page 67 and 68: First, rubbish accumulates in ill m
Page 69 and 70: There are several approaches to con
Page 71 and 72: Table 2.3: Publications about urban
Page 73 and 74: BINH 2012). In 1986, Vietnamese gov
Page 75 and 76:
impact on the thinking and behaviou
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The resulting homogeneous social st
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for further understanding of lifest
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y religion, e.g.: catholic lifestyl
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some aspects of their lifestyle as
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low-income and immigrant communitie
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observe is activity of people. Ther
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eality, each activity is done to sa
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4 Recent utilization of parks and g
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(% of the time) 70 60 50 40 30 20 1
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area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
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(% of the entire week) 4.1.5 Expert
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share of park users every hour 16%
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These findings can be understood by
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Social statuses of the visitors mig
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Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
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Share of means of transportation 10
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Regarding the age of visitors it ca
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less frequent park users are higher
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People walking (13 % of observed ac
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From the point of view of park user
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Figure 4.25 shows the high priority
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missing entertainment facilities. m
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4.5.2 Troubles / Disturbances It se
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5 Expected future demand of urban g
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ights (e.g. regarding urban plannin
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Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
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But urban areas are meanwhile total
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organize activities and sports whic
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As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
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countries, the result is that lifes
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media”, like newspapers, take inf
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environmental functions cause costs
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Yes, the demand of public UGAs in i
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Such a master plan has to clarify t
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7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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among both countries’ parks and V
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Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
Page 151 and 152:
COCKERHAM, William; RUTTEN, A.; ABE
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GIDDENS, Anthony (1991). Modernity
Page 155 and 156:
Department of Psychology, Universit
Page 157 and 158:
LUONG, Le To; STEINGRUBE, Wilhelm (
Page 159 and 160:
NGHIEM, Dao Ngoc (2011). Hanoi arch
Page 161 and 162:
STOXPLUS (Financial Media Corporati
Page 163 and 164:
VUONG, Tran Quoc (2000). Vietnamese
Page 165 and 166:
TUYEN, Trương Hữu “Planting u
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Appendix 3: Gates’ location and t
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In 1985, the status of Lenin in 5.2
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Appendix 6: Counting sheet H
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Appendix 8: Questionnaire (Vietname
Page 177:
Vietnamese version: https://docs.go
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EXPERT- F- 2012 13/09/2012 HANHLê
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ERKLÄRUNG Hiermit erkläre ich, da
Page 186:
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Publications 1
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