Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ... Urban Green Areas – their functions under a changing lifestyle of ...
(Percent of visitors in the whole day) (Percet of the day) 25.0% 23.0 20.0% 20.3 16.8 19.2 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 3.6 4.1 6.2 4.1 0.0% 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.9 (o'clock) Figure 4.7: Children visiting Bach Thao over the course of a day. (Own survey, 2010- 2011) 4.2.3 Comparison of the course of the days of Hanoi parks and Berlin parks As there is a published course of a day for park visitors in Berlin (KONSALT et al. 2001) the results can be compared: In Berlin as well as in Hanoi the biggest peak is in the afternoon (see figure 4.8; 43 % of the whole day). However, Hanoians already visit parks in the early morning (7 % and 18 % of park users in the parks from 4-6 a.m. and 6-9 a.m.), while there are 0 % and 1.4 % of park users respectively in Berlin parks. In contrast, in the early evening (6-9 p.m.) people in Berlin visit parks a little more often. 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 4-6 6-9 9-12 12-14 14-18 18-21 21-24 24-04 Hanoi Berlin (o'clock) Figure 4.8: The course of the day of park utilization in Hanoi (own survey 2010-2011) and Berlin 2001 (KONSALT et al. 2001). 79
These findings can be understood by the different location on earth of the two cities. It gets light and dark earlier in Hanoi (closer to the equator) than in Berlin within the course of the day. Therefore, the time of using parks in Hanoi is also earlier. 4.3 Socio-demographic features of park users For the following, park users are characterised by three features: age, gender and profession respective of social status. Regarding age, it can be stated that young people are dominant: More than a half of all visitors are younger than 30 years old (see table 4.3). Park users aged 55 and above, who are often retired (see Vietnam Labour Law 2005 – GOV 2005) represent up to a half of the number that young people do (25.9 %). While the adults (30-54 years old) accounted for 19.4 % of the park users; the number of early adolescents is very low amount, just 1.8 % of park users. Table 4.3: Age structure of park users Age groups Number (%) 10-14 years 39 1.8 15-29 years 1129 52.8 30-54 years 416 19.4 55 years and older 555 25.9 Total 2139 100.0 (Own survey 2010-2011) Table 4.4: Age structure of online responders Age groups (years) Number (%) 15-29 69 62.2 30-54 41 36.9 +55 1 0.9 Total 111 100.0 (Own survey 2011) The received responses (by online survey, see table 4.4) came from almost exclusively young and working people (61 % from 15-29 years old, 36.3 % from 30-54 years old, see appendix 9). The gender relation of park visitors is almost equal: A slightly greater number of women (52.8 %) use the parks. This is nearly exactly the same share as the in population of the surrounding districts (51.4 %; see table 4.5). So there is no gender preference in the usage of parks; men and women use parks similarly! Furthermore, the online survey was able to access more female than male respondents; 58.9 % respondents were female; 40.1 % respondents were male (in total 112 responses). Nearly all types of jobs are represented among the park visitors: There are pupils and students, businessmen, drivers, engineers, freelancers, pupils, retirees, sellers, staffs, teachers, workers and unemployed people. Compared with the social stratification of urban areas in Vietnam in 2012, park users represent all groups. 80
- Page 49 and 50: 2 Urban green areas (UGAs) UGAS are
- Page 51 and 52: 2.1.1.7 Ancient Roman gardens Those
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- Page 91 and 92: 4 Recent utilization of parks and g
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- Page 95 and 96: area (m 2 ) The collected data by t
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- Page 105 and 106: Others, 5.8% from work/ school/ uni
- Page 107 and 108: Share of means of transportation 10
- Page 109 and 110: Regarding the age of visitors it ca
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- Page 127 and 128: Picture 5.1 c: Skating (Own picture
- Page 129 and 130: But urban areas are meanwhile total
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- Page 133 and 134: As the economy grows - Vietnam’s
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- Page 137 and 138: media”, like newspapers, take inf
- Page 139 and 140: environmental functions cause costs
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- Page 145 and 146: 7 Summary As a booming city, Hanoi
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- Page 149 and 150: Reference ABKLAR, Mahdieh; KAMAL, M
(Percent <strong>of</strong> visitors in the whole day)<br />
(Percet <strong>of</strong> the day)<br />
25.0%<br />
23.0<br />
20.0%<br />
20.3<br />
16.8<br />
19.2<br />
15.0%<br />
10.0%<br />
5.0%<br />
3.6<br />
4.1<br />
6.2<br />
4.1<br />
0.0%<br />
0.6 0.4<br />
0.9<br />
0.9<br />
(o'clock)<br />
Figure 4.7: Children visiting Bach Thao over the course <strong>of</strong> a day.<br />
(Own survey, 2010- 2011)<br />
4.2.3 Comparison <strong>of</strong> the course <strong>of</strong> the days <strong>of</strong> Hanoi parks and Berlin parks<br />
As there is a published course <strong>of</strong> a day for park visitors in Berlin (KONSALT et al. 2001)<br />
the results can be compared: In Berlin as well as in Hanoi the biggest peak is in the<br />
afternoon (see figure 4.8; 43 % <strong>of</strong> the whole day). However, Hanoians already visit parks in<br />
the early morning (7 % and 18 % <strong>of</strong> park users in the parks from 4-6 a.m. and 6-9 a.m.),<br />
while there are 0 % and 1.4 % <strong>of</strong> park users respectively in Berlin parks. In contrast, in the<br />
early evening (6-9 p.m.) people in Berlin visit parks a little more <strong>of</strong>ten.<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
4-6 6-9 9-12 12-14 14-18 18-21 21-24 24-04<br />
Hanoi Berlin<br />
(o'clock)<br />
Figure 4.8: The course <strong>of</strong> the day <strong>of</strong> park utilization in Hanoi (own survey 2010-2011) and<br />
Berlin 2001 (KONSALT et al. 2001).<br />
79