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tel-00916300, version 1 - 10 Dec 2013<br />

4 A study on RF sputtered <strong>Si</strong>N x single layers and<br />

SRSO/<strong>Si</strong>N x multilayers 91<br />

4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91<br />

4.2 N 2 -Reactive sputtering of <strong>Si</strong> catho<strong>de</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92<br />

4.2.1 Refractive in<strong>de</strong>x (n 1.95eV ) and Deposition rates (r d ) . . . . . . 92<br />

4.2.2 Structural analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93<br />

4.2.3 Optical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97<br />

4.3 Cosputtering of <strong>Si</strong> 3 N 4 and <strong>Si</strong> catho<strong>de</strong>s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99<br />

4.3.1 Refractive in<strong>de</strong>x (n 1.95eV ) and Deposition rates (r d ) . . . . . . 99<br />

4.3.2 Structural analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100<br />

4.3.3 Optical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104<br />

4.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />

4.5 SRSO/SRSN multilayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106<br />

4.5.1 Ellipsometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107<br />

4.5.2 X-Ray Reectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108<br />

4.5.3 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109<br />

4.5.4 Surface Microstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111<br />

4.5.5 X-Ray Diraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111<br />

4.5.6 High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy . . . . . . 112<br />

4.5.7 Optical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113<br />

4.6 Eect of annealing treatment un<strong>de</strong>r N 2 ow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115<br />

4.6.1 T A =400°C: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116<br />

4.6.2 T A =700°C: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116<br />

4.6.3 T A =900°C: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117<br />

4.6.4 T A =1000°C: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118<br />

4.6.5 Inuence of short time and long time annealing on emission . 118<br />

4.6.6 Structural analysis on STA SRSO/SRSN ML . . . . . . . . . . 119<br />

4.7 Eect of number of patterns on emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121<br />

4.8 Eect of SRSN sublayer thickness on structural and optical properties 122<br />

4.9 Optimizing annealing treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124<br />

4.9.1 Forming gas annealing versus annealing time . . . . . . . . . . 125<br />

4.9.2 Short time annealing (STA) + Forming gas annealing . . . . . 127<br />

4.9.3 Forming gas annealing + Short time annealing (STA) . . . . . 127<br />

4.10 Un<strong>de</strong>rstanding the origin of photoluminescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128<br />

4.10.1 Role of <strong>de</strong>fects in the matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129<br />

4.10.2 Eect of <strong>Si</strong>-np <strong>Si</strong>ze distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131<br />

4.10.3 Eect of surface microstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131<br />

iii

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