Potassium Nitrate for Dormancy Breaking on Cereal Seeds (424 KB
Potassium Nitrate for Dormancy Breaking on Cereal Seeds (424 KB
Potassium Nitrate for Dormancy Breaking on Cereal Seeds (424 KB
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<str<strong>on</strong>g>Potassium</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Nitrate</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>for</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>Cereal</strong> <strong>Seeds</strong><br />
Results of an ISTA Comparative Test<br />
<strong>on</strong> Hordeum vulgare
Sample Preparati<strong>on</strong><br />
• Germinati<strong>on</strong> testing of 2 different winter<br />
barley varieties from Germany<br />
• Germinati<strong>on</strong> testing of 2 different winter<br />
barley varieties from Scotland<br />
• Germinati<strong>on</strong> testing of 2 different summer<br />
barley varieties from Norway
Participants of the Compatrative<br />
Test<br />
• FR 02<br />
• DK 01<br />
• GB 01<br />
• GB 04<br />
• IE 01<br />
• SE 02<br />
• NO 01<br />
• DE 04<br />
• DE 10<br />
• DE 15<br />
• DE 18
Methods to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
• Water <strong>on</strong>ly (without dormancy breaking)<br />
• Water and prechill (3 and 5 days)<br />
• Gibberellic acid and prechill (3 and 5 days)<br />
• <str<strong>on</strong>g>Potassium</str<strong>on</strong>g> nitrate and prechill (3 and 5<br />
days)<br />
• Gibberellic acid<br />
• <str<strong>on</strong>g>Potassium</str<strong>on</strong>g> nitrate<br />
• Count after seven and fourteen days
Normal Seedlings, Count after 7 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
33<br />
30<br />
33<br />
67<br />
59<br />
52<br />
46<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
40<br />
44<br />
81<br />
95<br />
84<br />
86<br />
72<br />
5 d<br />
51<br />
62<br />
93<br />
97<br />
89<br />
89<br />
80<br />
0<br />
31<br />
32<br />
49<br />
82<br />
73<br />
66<br />
55<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
43<br />
61<br />
95<br />
95<br />
89<br />
93<br />
79<br />
5 d<br />
57<br />
82<br />
98<br />
96<br />
92<br />
92<br />
86<br />
GA 3 / Prchilling<br />
0<br />
55<br />
66<br />
78<br />
93<br />
82<br />
85<br />
76<br />
3 d<br />
70<br />
77<br />
93<br />
97<br />
92<br />
93<br />
87<br />
5 d<br />
72<br />
81<br />
97<br />
97<br />
93<br />
93<br />
89
Abnormal Seedlings, Count after 7 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
Prechilling<br />
0<br />
6,3<br />
3,5<br />
0,8<br />
1,5<br />
3,3<br />
1,5<br />
2,8<br />
3 d<br />
7,5<br />
3,1<br />
0,7<br />
1,2<br />
3,0<br />
3,6<br />
3,2<br />
5 d<br />
5,8<br />
2,7<br />
1,0<br />
1,4<br />
4,3<br />
4,3<br />
3,3<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
0<br />
6,6<br />
2,8<br />
0,7<br />
1,0<br />
3,5<br />
3,3<br />
3,0<br />
3 d<br />
4,6<br />
3,5<br />
0,9<br />
1,3<br />
3,6<br />
3,6<br />
2,9<br />
5 d<br />
6,3<br />
2,8<br />
0,8<br />
2,0<br />
4,5<br />
4,4<br />
3,5<br />
GA 3 /<br />
Prchilling<br />
0 3 d<br />
5 d<br />
7,9<br />
4,6<br />
1,6<br />
1,4<br />
4,3<br />
2,8<br />
3,7<br />
7,5<br />
4,1<br />
1,5<br />
1,2<br />
3,6<br />
3,7<br />
3,6<br />
7,5<br />
4,3<br />
1,0<br />
1,6<br />
4,4<br />
4,4<br />
3,9
Fresh ungerminated <strong>Seeds</strong>, Count after 7 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
52<br />
63<br />
65<br />
30<br />
36<br />
44<br />
48<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
43<br />
49<br />
17<br />
3<br />
9<br />
8<br />
22<br />
5 d<br />
35<br />
32<br />
6<br />
1<br />
4<br />
5<br />
14<br />
0<br />
52<br />
61<br />
50<br />
16<br />
21<br />
29<br />
38<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
42<br />
31<br />
3<br />
2<br />
3<br />
2<br />
14<br />
5 d<br />
28<br />
12<br />
1<br />
0<br />
1<br />
1<br />
7<br />
GA 3 /<br />
Prchilling<br />
0 3 d<br />
5 d<br />
26<br />
15<br />
11<br />
26<br />
15<br />
9<br />
19<br />
4 1<br />
4 1 0<br />
12<br />
11<br />
16<br />
1<br />
1<br />
6<br />
1<br />
1<br />
4
Dead <strong>Seeds</strong>, Count after 7 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
Prechilling<br />
0<br />
8,9<br />
3,6<br />
0,8<br />
1,5<br />
1,9<br />
2,4<br />
3,2<br />
3 d<br />
9,0<br />
3,8<br />
1,0<br />
1,5<br />
2,8<br />
2,1<br />
3,4<br />
5 d<br />
8,1<br />
3,3<br />
0,3<br />
1,1<br />
2,5<br />
2,1<br />
2,9<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
0 3 d<br />
5 d<br />
11,1<br />
9,8<br />
8,9<br />
4,1<br />
4,3<br />
3,6<br />
0,9<br />
1,1<br />
0,7<br />
1,6<br />
1,7<br />
1,3<br />
2,4<br />
4,0<br />
2,7<br />
1,8<br />
2,2<br />
1,3<br />
3,6<br />
3,9<br />
3,1<br />
GA 3 / Prechilling<br />
0<br />
11,1<br />
3,3<br />
1,0<br />
1,6<br />
2,0<br />
1,1<br />
3,4<br />
3 d<br />
7,6<br />
3,8<br />
0,9<br />
1,1<br />
3,5<br />
2,2<br />
3,2<br />
5 d<br />
10,1<br />
5,1<br />
0,6<br />
1,4<br />
1,8<br />
1,7<br />
3,5
Normal Seedlings, Count after 14 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
42<br />
43<br />
47<br />
84<br />
74<br />
72<br />
60<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
49<br />
52<br />
80<br />
95<br />
86<br />
88<br />
75<br />
5 d<br />
58<br />
66<br />
92<br />
93<br />
89<br />
90<br />
81<br />
0<br />
43<br />
46<br />
69<br />
90<br />
77<br />
76<br />
67<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
50<br />
66<br />
94<br />
96<br />
89<br />
92<br />
81<br />
5 d<br />
61<br />
82<br />
97<br />
96<br />
92<br />
92<br />
87<br />
0<br />
66<br />
78<br />
95<br />
96<br />
90<br />
93<br />
86<br />
GA 3 /<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
73<br />
84<br />
96<br />
97<br />
92<br />
94<br />
89<br />
5 d<br />
75<br />
85<br />
97<br />
96<br />
93<br />
93<br />
90
Abnormal <strong>Seeds</strong>, Count after 14 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
10,2<br />
6,3<br />
1,4<br />
2,0<br />
4,3<br />
3,7<br />
4,7<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
8,5<br />
4,1<br />
1,1<br />
1,4<br />
3,8<br />
4,0<br />
3,8<br />
5 d<br />
7,5<br />
4,3<br />
1,0<br />
1,7<br />
5,0<br />
4,8<br />
4,0<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
0<br />
9,8<br />
5,1<br />
1,8<br />
1,7<br />
5,4<br />
5,9<br />
4,9<br />
3 d<br />
7,0<br />
4,9<br />
1,3<br />
1,8<br />
4,5<br />
4,2<br />
3,9<br />
5 d<br />
8,0<br />
4,1<br />
1,0<br />
2,5<br />
4,9<br />
5,3<br />
4,3<br />
GA 3 / Prechilling<br />
0<br />
13,2<br />
9,6<br />
1,9<br />
1,6<br />
6,4<br />
4,5<br />
6,2<br />
3 d<br />
11,4<br />
6,6<br />
1,7<br />
1,6<br />
3,8<br />
3,8<br />
4,8<br />
5 d<br />
10,7<br />
5,9<br />
1,4<br />
1,9<br />
4,6<br />
4,7<br />
4,8
Fresh ungerminated <strong>Seeds</strong>, Count after 14<br />
days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
32<br />
44<br />
49<br />
11<br />
19<br />
20<br />
29<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
28<br />
38<br />
14<br />
1<br />
6<br />
4<br />
15<br />
5 d<br />
23<br />
24<br />
6<br />
0<br />
3<br />
2<br />
10<br />
0<br />
30<br />
38<br />
26<br />
5<br />
12<br />
12<br />
21<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
27<br />
22<br />
3<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
9<br />
5 d<br />
17<br />
7<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
1<br />
4<br />
GA 3 /<br />
Prechilling<br />
0 3 d<br />
5 d<br />
3 2 2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1
Dead <strong>Seeds</strong>, Count after 14 days<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
x<br />
0<br />
13,7<br />
5,5<br />
1,8<br />
2,8<br />
3,7<br />
4,0<br />
5,3<br />
Prechilling<br />
3 d<br />
13,4<br />
6,1<br />
1,0<br />
1,9<br />
3,8<br />
3,3<br />
4,9<br />
5 d<br />
11,5<br />
4,7<br />
0,9<br />
1,6<br />
3,2<br />
2,9<br />
4,1<br />
KNO 3<br />
/Prechilling<br />
0<br />
17,3<br />
10,5<br />
2,0<br />
2,5<br />
4,9<br />
4,0<br />
6,9<br />
3 d<br />
16,3<br />
7,1<br />
1,8<br />
2,1<br />
4,7<br />
3,1<br />
5,8<br />
5 d<br />
14,3<br />
6,5<br />
1,5<br />
1,9<br />
3,0<br />
2,2<br />
4,9<br />
GA 3 /<br />
Prechilling<br />
0 3 d<br />
5 d<br />
17,3<br />
9,0<br />
1,6<br />
2,0<br />
3,5<br />
1,9<br />
5,9<br />
13,7<br />
7,2<br />
1,3<br />
1,7<br />
3,5<br />
2,4<br />
5,0<br />
13,0<br />
6,5<br />
1,0<br />
1,8<br />
2,1<br />
2,0<br />
4,4
KNO<br />
55,4<br />
8,9<br />
38,0<br />
8,4<br />
Results of all the Methods to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g> after 7 days<br />
Methode<br />
Normal seedlings<br />
Fresh ungerminated seeds)<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
Water <strong>on</strong>ly<br />
45,8<br />
8,3<br />
48,3<br />
7,9<br />
Water and 3<br />
days prechilling<br />
71,8<br />
4,0<br />
21,5<br />
3,7<br />
GA 3 and 3 days<br />
prechilling<br />
87,2<br />
4,1<br />
6,1<br />
4,3<br />
KNO 3 and 3<br />
days prechilling<br />
79,4<br />
2,8<br />
13,9<br />
2,6<br />
GA 3<br />
76,4<br />
9,4<br />
16,5<br />
9,5
KNO<br />
55,4<br />
8,9<br />
38,0<br />
8,4<br />
Results of all the Methods to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g> after 7 days<br />
Methode<br />
Normal seedlings<br />
Fresh ungerminated seeds)<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
Water <strong>on</strong>ly<br />
45,8<br />
8,3<br />
48,3<br />
7,9<br />
Water and 5<br />
days prechilling<br />
80,2<br />
3,8<br />
13,7<br />
4,1<br />
GA 3 and 5 days<br />
prechilling<br />
88,8<br />
3,5<br />
4,1<br />
2,9<br />
KNO 3 and 5<br />
days prechilling<br />
86,2<br />
2,9<br />
7,2<br />
3,0<br />
GA 3<br />
76,4<br />
9,4<br />
16,5<br />
9,5
KNO<br />
66,8<br />
4,1<br />
26,6<br />
5,8<br />
Results of all the Methods to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g> after 14 days<br />
Methode<br />
Normal seedlings<br />
Fresh ungerminated seeds)<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
Water <strong>on</strong>ly<br />
60,4<br />
6,0<br />
29,1<br />
6,8<br />
Water and 3<br />
days prechilling<br />
75,0<br />
3,7<br />
15,3<br />
3,6<br />
GA 3 and 3 days<br />
prechilling<br />
89,4<br />
2,2<br />
0,8<br />
1,2<br />
KNO 3 and 3<br />
days prechilling<br />
81,0<br />
2,3<br />
9,1<br />
2,9<br />
GA 3<br />
86,4<br />
3,4<br />
1,8<br />
1,6
KNO<br />
66,8<br />
4,1<br />
26,6<br />
5,8<br />
Results of all the Methods to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Breaking</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Dormancy</str<strong>on</strong>g> after 14 days<br />
Methode<br />
Normal seedlings<br />
Fresh ungerminated seeds)<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
%<br />
SD<br />
Water <strong>on</strong>ly<br />
60,4<br />
6,0<br />
29,1<br />
6,8<br />
Water and 5<br />
days prechilling<br />
81,1<br />
4,6<br />
9,7<br />
3,6<br />
GA 3 and 5 days<br />
prechilling<br />
89,9<br />
2,3<br />
0,9<br />
1,1<br />
KNO 3 and 5<br />
days prechilling<br />
86,5<br />
2,9<br />
4,3<br />
2,2<br />
GA 3<br />
86,4<br />
3,4<br />
1,8<br />
1,6