united nations advanced certificate faculty - Long Island University
united nations advanced certificate faculty - Long Island University united nations advanced certificate faculty - Long Island University
UNITED NATIONS ADVANCED CERTIFICATE FACULTY Henry Akintunde Adjunct Professor of Economics Long Island University Jacques Fomerand Head United Nations University Office in North America, ret. Paul Hoeffel Chief, UN NGO Section UN Department of Public Information Walter Hoffman Executive Director Center for UN Reform Education Timothy Houlihan Associate Academic Dean St. Francis College Dragos Kostich Professor Emeritus Long Island University Akira Kusukawa Director, European Council UN Funds for Population Activities, ret. Yasmine Sherif Protection Consultant International Rescue Committee Khartoum, Sudan James Sutterlin Director, Political Affairs Division UN Secretariat, ret. Lester Wilson Professor of History Long Island University UNITED NATIONS ADVANCED CERTIFICATE STUDENTS Ebrahim Aamer, Bahrain; Betsuaye Abia, Nigeria; Faisal Al-Athba, Qatar; Ahmad Alhariri, Syria; Maria Barry, United Kingdom; Maurice Brooks, USA; Peg Byron, USA; Claudine Charlet, Haiti; Emilijan Djindjic, Yugoslavia; Camille Evans, USA; Zelia Evzona, Cyprus; Lourdeth Ferguson, Guyana; Mauricio Forero-Jimenez, Columbia; Mirna Germano, Brazil; Daniella Gilles, Canada; Helene Hoedl, Austria; Paul Irving, Jamaica; Fabiola Knight, Guatemala; Irma Lacey, Barbados; Jemma Lessie, Grenada; Keith Middlemark, USA. Maria Montagna, Argentina; Steve Naber, USA; Lisi Nelson, USA; Ulrika Nilsson, Sweden; Sophia Ojha, India; Edwin Perez, Dominican Republic; Vincenzo Pugliese, Dominican Republic; Augusto Rabellino, Argentina; Sri Raman, India; Alexander Romeo, USA; Grid Rroji, Albania; Hussein Sabbagh, Syria; Daniel Samuel, USA; Bryma Sylla, Liberia; Edyta Tabor, USA; Toni Thompson; USA; Mohammed Tounkara, Guinea; Fan Xiao, Peoples Republic of China United Nations Graduate Certificate Program Long Island University / Brooklyn Campus / Brooklyn, New York 11201 Lester N. Wilson, Ph.D., Director (Lester.Wilson@liu.edu) (www.liu.edu/un) 1
CHILD SOLDIERS IN SIERRA LEONE The Reverend Jose M. Caballero Caceres, MA’98 Sierra Leone is a coastal West African country that shares borders with Guinea and Liberia. It has a population of close to five-and-a-half million (July 2001 estimate) and includes 16 ethnic groups. The rebel war in Sierra Leone, which started in 1991 and ended in January 2002, was characterized by a mass displacement of civilians, looting, the destruction of homes and infrastructures, the misuse of economic resources and terrible atrocities inflicted on the Father Caballero with Child Ex-Combatants civilian population–amputations, rapes, mutilations, killings and abductions. The link between diamonds and armed conflict in Sierra Leone is obvious and has been exposed, investigated and universally deplored. A key element to the prolongation of the war was the abduction/recruitment of children into the fighting forces. Children were perceived to be the best fighters, as they were obedient and easily manipulated. With over 50% of the population in Sierra Leone under the age of 18 and a war that has lasted for over 10 years, the number of children who have been used as fighters or camp followers is unknown. Children abducted over the years were used as human shields, camp followers and “wives” and, ultimately, they were trained to be soldiers. Following abduction, they were forced to carry heavy loads on their heads and were ordered to pick up the weapons of those who were killed should there be an attack on the group. They spent months trekking over hazardous terrain and many did not make it to the main camps. All the children were forced to learn to “cock” and “load,” and their commanders disposed of those who refused to learn. Punishment for not complying with their new life and trying to run away was death. Those lucky enough not to be killed were tied to a tree, with AFRC or RUF cut into their chests. Life for girls always started with rape, which was usually done in full view of others. Girls as young as 10 years of age were forced to have sex on a daily basis and with whomever. They returned home traumatized, diseased and suffering from internal injuries. Many children, some as young as seven years of age, were fighting on the government’s side. They were initiated into traditional hunting groups that came under the framework of the Civil Defense Force (CDF). Magical powers were bestowed on these children in initiation ceremonies, and they were led to believe that they had special powers, such as being “bullet proof.” 2
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UNITED NATIONS ADVANCED CERTIFICATE FACULTY<br />
Henry Akintunde<br />
Adjunct Professor of Economics<br />
<strong>Long</strong> <strong>Island</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
Jacques Fomerand<br />
Head<br />
United Nations <strong>University</strong> Office<br />
in North America, ret.<br />
Paul Hoeffel<br />
Chief, UN NGO Section<br />
UN Department of Public Information<br />
Walter Hoffman<br />
Executive Director<br />
Center for UN Reform Education<br />
Timothy Houlihan<br />
Associate Academic Dean<br />
St. Francis College<br />
Dragos Kostich<br />
Professor Emeritus<br />
<strong>Long</strong> <strong>Island</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
Akira Kusukawa<br />
Director, European Council<br />
UN Funds for Population Activities, ret.<br />
Yasmine Sherif<br />
Protection Consultant<br />
International Rescue Committee<br />
Khartoum, Sudan<br />
James Sutterlin<br />
Director, Political Affairs Division<br />
UN Secretariat, ret.<br />
Lester Wilson<br />
Professor of History<br />
<strong>Long</strong> <strong>Island</strong> <strong>University</strong><br />
UNITED NATIONS ADVANCED CERTIFICATE STUDENTS<br />
Ebrahim Aamer, Bahrain; Betsuaye Abia, Nigeria; Faisal Al-Athba, Qatar; Ahmad Alhariri, Syria;<br />
Maria Barry, United Kingdom; Maurice Brooks, USA; Peg Byron, USA; Claudine Charlet, Haiti;<br />
Emilijan Djindjic, Yugoslavia; Camille Evans, USA; Zelia Evzona, Cyprus; Lourdeth Ferguson,<br />
Guyana; Mauricio Forero-Jimenez, Columbia; Mirna Germano, Brazil; Daniella Gilles, Canada;<br />
Helene Hoedl, Austria; Paul Irving, Jamaica; Fabiola Knight, Guatemala; Irma Lacey, Barbados;<br />
Jemma Lessie, Grenada; Keith Middlemark, USA. Maria Montagna, Argentina; Steve Naber, USA;<br />
Lisi Nelson, USA; Ulrika Nilsson, Sweden; Sophia Ojha, India; Edwin Perez, Dominican Republic;<br />
Vincenzo Pugliese, Dominican Republic; Augusto Rabellino, Argentina; Sri Raman, India; Alexander<br />
Romeo, USA; Grid Rroji, Albania; Hussein Sabbagh, Syria; Daniel Samuel, USA; Bryma Sylla,<br />
Liberia; Edyta Tabor, USA; Toni Thompson; USA; Mohammed Tounkara, Guinea; Fan Xiao,<br />
Peoples Republic of China<br />
United Nations Graduate Certificate Program<br />
<strong>Long</strong> <strong>Island</strong> <strong>University</strong> / Brooklyn Campus / Brooklyn, New York 11201<br />
Lester N. Wilson, Ph.D., Director<br />
(Lester.Wilson@liu.edu)<br />
(www.liu.edu/un)<br />
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