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Many users have provided valuable feedback on earlier versions of the Watcom C/C++ compilers and related tools. Their comments were greatly appreciated. If you find problems in the documentation or have some good suggestions, we would like to hear from you. September, 2000. Trademarks Used in this Manual AutoCAD Development System is a trademark of Autodesk, Inc. DOS/4G and DOS/16M are trademarks of Tenberry Software, Inc. OS/2 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp. IBM Developer’s WorkFrame/2, Presentation Manager, and OS/2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp. Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corp. Microsoft, Windows and Windows 95 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp. Windows NT is a trademark of Microsoft Corp. NetWare, NetWare 386, and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Phar Lap, 286|DOS-Extender and 386|DOS-Extender are trademarks of Phar Lap Software, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. WATCOM is a trademark of Sybase, Inc. and its subsidiaries. iv
Table of Contents 1 Watcom C/C++ Application Development ................................................................. 1 DOS Programming Guide ......................................................................................................... 5 2 Creating 16-bit DOS Applications .............................................................................. 7 2.1 The Sample Application ............................................................................... 7 2.2 Building and Running the Sample DOS Application ................................... 8 2.3 Debugging the Sample DOS Application ..................................................... 8 3 Creating 32-bit Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender Applications ........................................ 11 3.1 The Sample Application ............................................................................... 11 3.2 Building and Running the Sample 386|DOS-Extender Application ............ 12 3.3 Debugging the Sample 386|DOS-Extender Application .............................. 13 4 Creating 32-bit DOS/4GW Applications .................................................................... 15 4.1 The Sample Application ............................................................................... 15 4.2 Building and Running the Sample DOS/4GW Application ......................... 16 4.3 Debugging the Sample DOS/4GW Application ........................................... 17 5 32-bit Extended DOS Application Development ........................................................ 19 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 19 5.2 How can I write directly to video memory using a DOS extender? ............. 20 5.2.1 Writing to Video Memory under Tenberry Software DOS/4GW .. 20 5.2.2 Writing to Video Memory under the Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender ......................................................................... 21 5.3 How do I get information about free memory in the 32-bit environment? .. 22 5.3.1 Getting Free Memory Information under DOS/4GW .................... 22 5.3.2 Getting Free Memory Information under the Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender ......................................................................... 24 5.3.3 Getting Free Memory Information in the 32-bit Environment under Windows 3.x ........................................................................ 25 5.4 How do I access the first megabyte in the extended DOS environment? ..... 28 5.4.1 Accessing the First Megabyte under Tenberry Software DOS/4GW ...................................................................................... 28 5.4.2 Accessing the First Megabyte under the Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender ......................................................................... 29 5.5 How do I spawn a protected-mode application? ........................................... 30 5.5.1 Spawning Protected-Mode Applications Under Tenberry Software DOS/4GW ....................................................................... 30 5.5.2 Spawning Protected-Mode Applications Under Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender ......................................................................... 32 v
Page 1 and 2: Watcom C/C++ Programmer’s Guide E
Page 3: Preface The Watcom C/C++ Programmer
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 11.2.6 Memory Man
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 21.4 Writing a 16
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents 32.2 Creating a S
Page 13 and 14: Table of Contents 44.2.2 Conversion
Page 15 and 16: 1 Watcom C/C++ Application Developm
Page 17 and 18: Watcom C/C++ Application Developmen
Page 19 and 20: DOS Programming Guide
Page 21 and 22: 2 Creating 16-bit DOS Applications
Page 23 and 24: Creating 16-bit DOS Applications co
Page 25 and 26: 3 Creating 32-bit Phar Lap 386|DOS-
Page 27 and 28: Creating 32-bit Phar Lap 386|DOS-Ex
Page 29 and 30: 4 Creating 32-bit DOS/4GW Applicati
Page 31 and 32: Creating 32-bit DOS/4GW Application
Page 33 and 34: 5 32-bit Extended DOS Application D
Page 35 and 36: 32-bit Extended DOS Application Dev
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32-bit Extended DOS Application Dev
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The DOS/4GW DOS Extender
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6 The Tenberry Software DOS/4GW DOS
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7 Linear Executables To build a lin
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Linear Executables 7.2 Memory Use T
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8 Configuring DOS/4GW This chapter
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Configuring DOS/4GW Alternate Statu
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Configuring DOS/4GW DOS/4GW ignores
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Configuring DOS/4GW 0x02 0x04 0x10
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9 VMM The Virtual Memory Manager (V
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10 Interrupt 21H Functions When you
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Interrupt 21H Functions 2DH Set Tim
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Interrupt 21H Functions 3. You can
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11 Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions Whe
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions 11.2.1
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions AX = 0
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions The ex
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions and sh
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions Becaus
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions Functi
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions The tr
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions AX = 0
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions return
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions ; ES:D
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions Offset
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions Functi
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions The co
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions ; ; Di
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Interrupt 31H DPMI Functions 11.2.1
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12 Utilities This chapter describes
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Utilities 12.2 PMINFO Purpose: Meas
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Utilities 12.3 PRIVATXM Purpose: Cr
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Utilities (NEC 9801) (PS/2-compatib
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13 Error Messages The following lis
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Error Messages 16. cannot run under
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Error Messages 40. not enough avail
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Error Messages 1202 "can’t alloca
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Error Messages 2300 " can’t find
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Error Messages 3301 "unhandled EMPT
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14 DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions 1d
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions 3b
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions se
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions 7h
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions 00
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions 5.
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DOS/4GW Commonly Asked Questions
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Windows 3.x Programming Guide
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15 Creating 16-bit Windows 3.x Appl
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Creating 16-bit Windows 3.x Applica
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16 Porting Non-GUI Applications to
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Porting Non-GUI Applications to 16-
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17 Creating 32-bit Windows 3.x Appl
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19 The Watcom 32-bit Windows 3.x Ex
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The Watcom 32-bit Windows 3.x Exten
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The Watcom 32-bit Windows 3.x Exten
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20 Windows 3.x 32-bit Programming O
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Windows 3.x 32-bit Programming Over
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21 Windows 32-Bit Dynamic Link Libr
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Windows 32-Bit Dynamic Link Librari
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22 Interfacing Visual Basic and Wat
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Interfacing Visual Basic and Watcom
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23 WIN386 Library Functions and Mac
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AllocHugeAlias16 Synopsis: #include
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_Call16 Classification: WIN386 #inc
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DefineUserProc16 Synopsis: #include
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FreeAlias16 Synopsis: #include voi
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FreeIndirectFunctionHandle Synopsis
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GetIndirectFunctionHandle Synopsis:
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GetIndirectFunctionHandle Classific
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GetProc16 GETPROC_ENUMPROPS_FIXED_D
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GetProc16 Classification: WIN386 lp
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InvokeIndirectFunction Classificati
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MK_FP16 Synopsis: #include DWORD M
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MK_LOCAL32 Synopsis: #include void
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ReleaseProc16 Synopsis: #include v
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24 32-bit Extended Windows Applicat
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32-bit Extended Windows Application
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32-bit Extended Windows Application
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25 Special Variables for Windows Pr
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26 Definitions of Windows Terms CAL
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27 Special Windows API Functions On
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Special Windows API Functions _16Ge
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Special Windows API Functions _16Se
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Windows NT Programming Guide
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28 Windows NT Programming Overview
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Windows NT Programming Overview Onc
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29 Creating Windows NT GUI Applicat
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Creating Windows NT GUI Application
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Porting Non-GUI Applications to Win
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Porting Non-GUI Applications to Win
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31 Windows NT Multi-threaded Applic
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Windows NT Multi-threaded Applicati
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Windows NT Multi-threaded Applicati
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32 Windows NT Dynamic Link Librarie
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Windows NT Dynamic Link Libraries c
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Windows NT Dynamic Link Libraries u
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Windows NT Dynamic Link Libraries U
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Windows NT Dynamic Link Libraries T
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33 Creating Windows NT POSIX Applic
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Creating Windows NT POSIX Applicati
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OS/2 Programming Guide
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34 Creating 16-bit OS/2 1.x Applica
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Creating 16-bit OS/2 1.x Applicatio
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35 Creating 32-bit OS/2 Application
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Creating 32-bit OS/2 Applications I
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36 OS/2 2.x Multi-threaded Applicat
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OS/2 2.x Multi-threaded Application
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OS/2 2.x Multi-threaded Application
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37 OS/2 2.x Dynamic Link Libraries
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OS/2 2.x Dynamic Link Libraries Sta
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OS/2 2.x Dynamic Link Libraries ref
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OS/2 2.x Dynamic Link Libraries To
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38 Programming for OS/2 Presentatio
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Programming for OS/2 Presentation M
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Programming for OS/2 Presentation M
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39 Developing an OS/2 Physical Devi
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Developing an OS/2 Physical Device
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Developing an OS/2 Physical Device
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40 Using the IBM OS/2 WorkFrame/2 W
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AutoCAD ADS Programming Guide
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41 Creating AutoCAD Applications Wa
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Creating AutoCAD Applications Examp
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Novell NLM Programming Guide
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42 Creating NetWare 386 NLM Applica
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Mixed Language Programming
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43 Inter-Language calls: C and FORT
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Inter-Language calls: C and FORTRAN
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Common Problems
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44 Commonly Asked Questions and Ans
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Commonly Asked Questions and Answer
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Index 1 8 16-bit 167 8042 auxiliary
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Index debugging DOS/4GW application
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Index get real-mode interrupt vecto
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Index int 168 INT 21H 61 H INT 31H
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Index NLM support version 4.0 335 v
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Index PS/2 52 TOOLHELP.H 174 switch
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Index __WINDOWS__ 207 WINDOWS_INCLU
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