Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

Contents
Summary and Conclusions 1
Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods 5
1.1. Bycatch and Depredation, Sharks and Pelagic Longline Fisheries
1.2. Methods
Chapter 2. Fishing Gear and Operational Characteristics 8
Chapter 3. Shark Catch Rates and Disposition 12
Chapter 4. National and International Measures 15
4.1. Summary and Effects of National/EC Legislation on Shark Interactions
4.2. International Initiatives Addressing Shark Finning
4.3. Conclusions on Data Collection and Management Frameworks
Chapter 5.
Economic, Practical, Ecological and Social Problems
from Shark – Longline Interactions 18
5.1. Economic and Practical Concerns
5.2. Ecological Concerns
5.3. Social Concerns
Chapter 6. Industry Attitudes and Practices 23
6.1. Industry Attitudes
6.2. Industry Practices
6.2.1. Avoid peak areas and periods of shark abundance
6.2.2. Reduce shark detection of baited hook
6.2.3. Reduce shark catch rate through deeper setting,
line material or type of bait or hook
6.2.4. Reduce injury to discarded sharks
6.2.5. Reduce retention of sharks on branch lines
Chapter 7.
Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Avoidance and Incentive Instruments to
Reduce Shark Interactions in Pelagic Longline Fisheries 29
7.1. Shark Deterrents
7.2. Hotspot Avoidance through Fleet Communication and Protected Areas
7.3. Incentive Instruments
7.3.1. National and local constraints
7.3.2. Regional and international accords, regulations, and policies
7.3.3. Eco-labeling
7.3.4. Industry and market self-policing
Chapter 8. References 32
Appendices – Case Studies and Contributing Authors’ Contact Details
Appendix 1. Australia Longline Tuna and Billfish Fishery 37
A1.1. Fisheries Management Jurisdiction
A1.2. Shark Fisheries in Australian Waters
A1.3. Introduction to the Australian Pelagic Longline Fishery
A1.3.1. Target species
A1.3.2. Management regime
A1.3.3. Size of fleet
A1.3.4. Vessel type
A1.3.5. Crew
A1.3.6. Fishing gear
A1.3.7. Bait type
A1.3.8. Target catch
A1.3.9. Shark catch
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