Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Table 6.1. Industry attitudes towards shark bycatch and depredation prevalent in each of 12 pelagic longline fisheries. Longline Industry Attitude Pelagic Longline Fishery Want to minimize shark interactions due to time required to repair gear and discard sharks Want to minimize shark interactions because revenue from catching sharks is exceeded by costs from shark interactions Australia Tuna and Billfish Fishery X X Chile Artisanal Mahi Mahi and Shark Fishery Chile Swordfish Fishery Little incentive to reduce shark interactions because they are infrequent and result in nominal costs Want to maximize shark catch because revenue exceeds economic costs from shark interactions X Fiji Tuna Fishery X X Italy Mediterranean Industrial Swordfish Fishery Japan Distant Water, Offshore and Nearshore Tuna Fisheries Peru Artisanal Mahi Mahi and Shark Fishery South Africa Tuna and Swordfish Fishery X X X X X U.S. Hawaii Tuna Fishery X X U.S. Hawaii Swordfish Fishery X X Table 6.2. Prevalent industry practices employed to address shark interactions in 12 pelagic longline fisheries. Pelagic Longline Fishery Practice Australia tuna and billfish fishery Chile artisanal mahi mahi and shark fishery Chile swordfish fishery Fiji tuna fishery Move position if shark interactions are high and target species CPUE is low X X X Avoid fishing grounds with high shark abundance from past experience or communication from other vessels Reduce shark detection of baited hooks Set gear deeper Use or avoid type of bait or hook X X X X To discard sharks, cut branch line or remove hook by making cut in shark mouth No wire trace to reduce retention of sharks Do not use lightsticks Avoid setting in specific sea surface temperature Set during daytime Minimize gear soak time Kill sharks before discarding to avoid re-catching X X X X X X X X Do nothing to reduce shark catch because shark catch is desirable or shark interactions are rare X 24
Industry Attitudes and Practices Longline Industry Attitude (continued) Want to minimize shark catch to avoid injuring crew when landing sharks from projectile swivels and shark bites Want to minimize shark fishing mortality because are concerned with overfishing Want to minimize shark catch to make more baited hooks available to more valuable fish species Shark interactions are an expected and unavoidable part of longline fishing No incentive to reduce shark interactions because revenue from sharks exceeds costs from shark interactions X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pelagic Longline Fishery (continued) Italy Mediterranean industrial swordfish fishery Japan distant water, offshore and nearshore fisheries Peru artisanal mahi mahi and shark fishery South Africa tuna and swordfish fishery U.S. Hawaii tuna fishery U.S. Hawaii swordfish fishery X X X X X X X X X X X X 25
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Page 9 and 10: Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
Page 11 and 12: Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
Page 13: Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
Page 21 and 22: Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
Page 23 and 24: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 25 and 26: Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
Page 27 and 28: Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 4 National and Internationa
Page 31 and 32: National and International Measures
Page 33 and 34: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 35 and 36: Economic, Practical, Ecological and
Page 37: Chapter 6 Industry Attitudes and Pr
Page 41 and 42: Industry Attitudes and Practices Fi
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 7 Potential of Deterrents,
Page 45 and 46: Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Av
Page 47 and 48: References Campana, S.E., L. Marks,
Page 49: References Neves dos Santos, M., Ga
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Appendix 5 Japan Pelagic Longline F
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Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Fi
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Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries mo
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Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries Ta
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Japan Pelagic Longline Fisheries A5
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Appendix 6 Peru Artisanal Mahimahi
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Peru Artisanal Mahimahi And Shark L
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Appendix 7 South Africa Pelagic Lon
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South Africa Pelagic Longline Tuna
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Appendix 8 USA Hawaii-based Pelagic
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USA Hawaii-based Pelagic Longline S
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Appendix 9 USA Atlantic, Gulf of Me
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USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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