Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline
Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline
Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline
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USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico <strong>and</strong> Caribbean <strong>Pelagic</strong> Longl<strong>in</strong>e Swordfish <strong>and</strong> Tuna Fisheries<br />
Table A9.4. (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued)<br />
Author(s) Year Title Primary data<br />
Source(s)<br />
Notes<br />
Hoey <strong>and</strong><br />
Moore<br />
1999 Capta<strong>in</strong>’s report: multispecies<br />
catch characteristics<br />
for the U.S. Atlantic pelagic<br />
longl<strong>in</strong>e fishery<br />
POP<br />
Comprehensive report quantify<strong>in</strong>g catch rates; catch disposition<br />
by report<strong>in</strong>g area; <strong>and</strong> nom<strong>in</strong>al catch rates/species distributions<br />
with special attention devoted to sharks. Presents data-driven<br />
recommendations to reduce the extent of shark bycatch.<br />
Cortés 2000 Catch rates of pelagic sharks<br />
from the Northwestern<br />
Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico <strong>and</strong><br />
Caribbean<br />
Cramer 2000 Large pelagic logbook catch<br />
rates for sharks<br />
Cramer et al. 2000 <strong>Shark</strong> by-catch from the U.S.<br />
Longl<strong>in</strong>e Fleet 1982 through<br />
1992<br />
U.S. Logbook;<br />
Weighout records;<br />
Observer reports<br />
from <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />
vessels<br />
U.S. Logbook<br />
POP; U.S. Logbook;<br />
L<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>gs records<br />
CPUE time series summarized for pelagic sharks. Reflects both<br />
commercial <strong>and</strong> recreational; bottom <strong>and</strong> pelagic LL; <strong>and</strong> domestic <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>ternational catches.<br />
Indices of abundance from 1986-1997. Does not discrim<strong>in</strong>ate between<br />
pelagic <strong>and</strong> bottom longl<strong>in</strong>e fisheries.<br />
Encompasses wide geographic range <strong>in</strong> W. Atlantic. Taps <strong>in</strong>to earliest<br />
logbook record<strong>in</strong>gs for the most prolonged temporal assessment to date<br />
at that time.<br />
Crowder <strong>and</strong><br />
Myers<br />
2001 <strong>Shark</strong>s (Chap. 6 <strong>in</strong>) Report<br />
to Pew Charitable Trusts: a<br />
comprehensive study of the<br />
ecological impacts of the<br />
worldwide pelagic longl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
<strong>in</strong>dustry.<br />
U.S Logbook<br />
Report on targeted <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>cidental shark catches <strong>in</strong> the Atlantic <strong>and</strong><br />
conclude decl<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> abundance of several species on the basis of<br />
decreas<strong>in</strong>g CPUEs (state that conclusions assume a proportional<br />
relationship between CPEU <strong>and</strong> abundance).<br />
Baum et al. 2002 Prelim<strong>in</strong>ary st<strong>and</strong>ardized<br />
catch rates for pelagic <strong>and</strong><br />
large coastal sharks from<br />
logbook <strong>and</strong> observer data<br />
from the Northwest Atlantic<br />
POP; U.S. Logbook;<br />
additional from<br />
both domestic <strong>and</strong><br />
foreign fleets <strong>in</strong><br />
U.S. <strong>and</strong> Canadian<br />
waters; Canadian<br />
Observer Programs<br />
<strong>and</strong> logbook data<br />
Focuses on catch rates as a determ<strong>in</strong>ant of abundance trends <strong>in</strong> sharks<br />
caught <strong>in</strong> the pelagic LL fisheries. Although stated to be difficult to<br />
establish trends through the comb<strong>in</strong>ed analyses of both U.S. <strong>and</strong><br />
Canadian data, several sharks reported as hav<strong>in</strong>g undergone decl<strong>in</strong>es<br />
<strong>in</strong> recent years.<br />
Beerkircher<br />
et al.<br />
2002 Characteristics of shark<br />
bycatch observed on<br />
pelagic longl<strong>in</strong>es off the<br />
southeastern United States,<br />
1992-2000<br />
POP<br />
M<strong>in</strong>es observer data from two of 11 fish<strong>in</strong>g zones <strong>in</strong> the Atlantic to<br />
quantify <strong>and</strong> characterize shark bycatch <strong>in</strong> the fishery. Elasmobranchs<br />
constituted 15% of total catch with silky sharks the most dom<strong>in</strong>ant<br />
numerically. Quantifies <strong>and</strong> compares shark catchability by season<br />
(quarter), species, fork length, gender, <strong>and</strong> quantifies board<strong>in</strong>g (at<br />
vessel) mortality status of shark catch (by species).<br />
Cortés 2002 Catches <strong>and</strong> catch rates of<br />
pelagic sharks from the<br />
Northwestern Atlantic, Gulf<br />
of Mexico, <strong>and</strong> Caribbean<br />
DFO 2002 Catch, bycatch <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>gs<br />
of blue sharks <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Canadian Atlantic<br />
Hoey et al. 2002 <strong>Pelagic</strong> shark abundance<br />
<strong>in</strong>dices based on fisherydependent<br />
<strong>and</strong> fishery<strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
data from the<br />
western North Atlantic<br />
POP; U.S. Logbook;<br />
Weighout sheets;<br />
Recreational data<br />
via Large <strong>Pelagic</strong><br />
Survey (LPS)<br />
International<br />
Observer Program<br />
(IOP); ZIF<br />
Fishery<strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
data;<br />
U.S. observers on<br />
Japanese vessels;<br />
POP; DFO observers<br />
on Japanese vessels<br />
Presents discard estimates <strong>and</strong> dead discard estimates for pelagic sharks.<br />
In addition to commercial time series, recreational time series also<br />
addressed.<br />
Blue sharks constitute an almost solely bycatch fishery. Blue shark<br />
bycatch percentages reported for the Canadian tuna <strong>and</strong> swordfishery<br />
fishery, porbeagle shark fishery <strong>and</strong> Japanese large pelagic fishery.<br />
Blue <strong>and</strong> shortf<strong>in</strong> mako sharks focused upon. Includes discussions<br />
regard<strong>in</strong>g how to relate older data sets from difference sources with<br />
more recent series.<br />
Simpfendorfer<br />
et al.<br />
2002 Results of a fishery<strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
survey for<br />
pelagic sharks <strong>in</strong> the western<br />
North Atlantic<br />
Fishery<strong>in</strong>dependent<br />
survey<br />
CPUE <strong>and</strong> auxiliary factors used to assess biology <strong>and</strong> distribution<br />
of pelagic species <strong>in</strong> NW Atlantic. Comparisons made with fisherydependent<br />
data <strong>and</strong> extensive attention dedicated to the blue shark<br />
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