Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Fig A9.5. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery time - area closures: 1= Northeast Distant area; 2 = Bluefin Tuna area; 3 = Charleston Bump area; 4 = Florida East Coast (FEC) area; 5 = DeSoto Canyon area (Abercrombie et al., 2005). Table A9.4. Chronological by year and alphabetical by author, a matrix of selected post-1990 peer-reviewed publications, reports and documents that have addressed CPUE, catch composition, associated abundance indices, and other factors related in one aspect or another to shark bycatch in the Atlantic pelagic LL fishing industry. This includes a very limited sample of documents pertaining to Canadian fisheries in the North Atlantic and foreign fleets in the Atlantic. Note that this tabulates an extensive sample of available “grey” and primary literature but may not represent the full extent of all relevant citations, especially in relation to reports to ICCAT, FAO reports on shark takes by foreign fleets in the Atlantic, and earlier papers preceding 1990. In addition, a plethora of papers related to this topic have addressed longline fisheries in other oceans; only the Atlantic, GOM and Caribbean are covered here. Bolded author names denote a peer-reviewed paper from the primary literature. Otherwise, the citation is a technical report submitted to ICCAT, or an alternative technical report/document. Author(s) Year Title Primary data Source(s) Notes Bonfil 1994 Overview of world elasmobranch fisheries Literature, available reports Written prior to when shark bycatch in high seas fisheries was getting more attention both in U.S. domestic circles and international forums. Provides a thorough overview of why it is challenging to assess the true extent and impacts of shark capture in pelagic LL fisheries. Nakano and Honma 1996 Historical CPUE of pelagic sharks caught by the Japanese longline fishery in the Atlantic ocean Japanese logbook data Shark catch by this fleet is assessed in a time series that reveals only minor changes in shark CPEU between historical and modern records (1971-1994). Cramer 1997a Large pelagic logbook catch rate indices for sharks Cramer 1997b Estimates of the numbers and metric tons of sharks discarded dead by pelagic longline vessels Cramer 1997c Bycatch of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) reported by U.S. longline vessels from 1987-1995 U.S. Logbook U.S. logbook; POP; Weighout records U.S. logbook; POP Abundance indices from 1986-1995; trends for additional species added to logbook reporting system analyzed from 1992-1997. Dead shark discards reported from 1986 to 1995 with post 1990 data obtainable from observer reports from NMFS. Reports on this heavily discarded species from 1987-1995 where catchability during the latter portion of this time series increased, especially on the Grand Banks. Cramer et al. 1997 Estimates of recent shark bycatch by U.S. vessels fishing for Atlantic tuna and tuna-like species POP; U.S. Logbook Estimates of shark by-catch, disposition and catch characteristics in 1996. Comparisons made with earlier reports characterizing the earlier 1990s. Scott 1997 Recent trends in catch rates of some Atlantic sharks SEFSC CPUE and qualitative assessments of individual species life history characteristics used to derive the relative risks of recovery in coastal and pelagic sharks. 138
USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Pelagic Longline Swordfish and Tuna Fisheries Table A9.4. (Continued) Author(s) Year Title Primary data Source(s) Notes Hoey and Moore 1999 Captain’s report: multispecies catch characteristics for the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery POP Comprehensive report quantifying catch rates; catch disposition by reporting area; and nominal catch rates/species distributions with special attention devoted to sharks. Presents data-driven recommendations to reduce the extent of shark bycatch. Cortés 2000 Catch rates of pelagic sharks from the Northwestern Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Cramer 2000 Large pelagic logbook catch rates for sharks Cramer et al. 2000 Shark by-catch from the U.S. Longline Fleet 1982 through 1992 U.S. Logbook; Weighout records; Observer reports from international vessels U.S. Logbook POP; U.S. Logbook; Landings records CPUE time series summarized for pelagic sharks. Reflects both commercial and recreational; bottom and pelagic LL; and domestic and international catches. Indices of abundance from 1986-1997. Does not discriminate between pelagic and bottom longline fisheries. Encompasses wide geographic range in W. Atlantic. Taps into earliest logbook recordings for the most prolonged temporal assessment to date at that time. Crowder and Myers 2001 Sharks (Chap. 6 in) Report to Pew Charitable Trusts: a comprehensive study of the ecological impacts of the worldwide pelagic longline industry. U.S Logbook Report on targeted and incidental shark catches in the Atlantic and conclude declines in abundance of several species on the basis of decreasing CPUEs (state that conclusions assume a proportional relationship between CPEU and abundance). Baum et al. 2002 Preliminary standardized catch rates for pelagic and large coastal sharks from logbook and observer data from the Northwest Atlantic POP; U.S. Logbook; additional from both domestic and foreign fleets in U.S. and Canadian waters; Canadian Observer Programs and logbook data Focuses on catch rates as a determinant of abundance trends in sharks caught in the pelagic LL fisheries. Although stated to be difficult to establish trends through the combined analyses of both U.S. and Canadian data, several sharks reported as having undergone declines in recent years. Beerkircher et al. 2002 Characteristics of shark bycatch observed on pelagic longlines off the southeastern United States, 1992-2000 POP Mines observer data from two of 11 fishing zones in the Atlantic to quantify and characterize shark bycatch in the fishery. Elasmobranchs constituted 15% of total catch with silky sharks the most dominant numerically. Quantifies and compares shark catchability by season (quarter), species, fork length, gender, and quantifies boarding (at vessel) mortality status of shark catch (by species). Cortés 2002 Catches and catch rates of pelagic sharks from the Northwestern Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean DFO 2002 Catch, bycatch and landings of blue sharks in the Canadian Atlantic Hoey et al. 2002 Pelagic shark abundance indices based on fisherydependent and fisheryindependent data from the western North Atlantic POP; U.S. Logbook; Weighout sheets; Recreational data via Large Pelagic Survey (LPS) International Observer Program (IOP); ZIF Fisheryindependent data; U.S. observers on Japanese vessels; POP; DFO observers on Japanese vessels Presents discard estimates and dead discard estimates for pelagic sharks. In addition to commercial time series, recreational time series also addressed. Blue sharks constitute an almost solely bycatch fishery. Blue shark bycatch percentages reported for the Canadian tuna and swordfishery fishery, porbeagle shark fishery and Japanese large pelagic fishery. Blue and shortfin mako sharks focused upon. Includes discussions regarding how to relate older data sets from difference sources with more recent series. Simpfendorfer et al. 2002 Results of a fisheryindependent survey for pelagic sharks in the western North Atlantic Fisheryindependent survey CPUE and auxiliary factors used to assess biology and distribution of pelagic species in NW Atlantic. Comparisons made with fisherydependent data and extensive attention dedicated to the blue shark 139
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
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Contents Summary and Conclusions 1
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Contents Appendix 3. Fiji Pelagic L
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Contents Appendix 8. USA Hawaii Lon
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Chapter 1 Introduction and Methods
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Introduction and Methods 1.2. Metho
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Fishing Gear and Operational Charac
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Shark Catch Rates and Disposition T
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Chapter 4 National and Internationa
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National and International Measures
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Economic, Practical, Ecological and
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Economic, Practical, Ecological and
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Chapter 6 Industry Attitudes and Pr
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Industry Attitudes and Practices Lo
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Industry Attitudes and Practices Fi
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Chapter 7 Potential of Deterrents,
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Potential of Deterrents, Hotspot Av
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References Campana, S.E., L. Marks,
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References Neves dos Santos, M., Ga
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Appendix 5 Japan Pelagic Longline F
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Page 115 and 116: Appendix 6 Peru Artisanal Mahimahi
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Page 149 and 150: USA Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Ca
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Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

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