Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline

Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries
A1.3.10. Catch storage
A1.3.11. Trip length
A1.3.12. Daily fishing pattern
A1.3.13. Market
A1.4. Shark Species Encountered by Pelagic Longline Vessels in Australian Waters
A1.5. Shark Catch Rates in Australian Pelagic Longline Fisheries
A1.6. Influence of International Initiatives on Domestic Shark Management
A1.7. National Management Processes for Sharks in Australia
A1.8. National Regulations
A1.8.1. Regulated fishing effort
A1.8.2. Retention limits per trip
A1.8.3. Finning at sea prohibition
A1.8.4. Prohibited use of a wire trace
A1.9. Fishing Practices that Affect Shark Catches
A1.9.1. Fishing location
A1.9.2. Line set, soak and haul duration, depth and timing
A1.9.3. Bait type
A1.9.4. Line weighting
A1.9.5. Method used to dispatch captured fish
A1.9.6. Hook type
A1.10. Survey of Shark Fishing Practices, Handling Strategies, and Fishers’ Opinions of Sharks
and Shark Management
A1.10.1. Methods
A1.10.2. Survey results
A1.11. References
Appendix 2. Chile Artisanal Longline Mahimahi and Shark Fishery and
Longline Swordfish Fishery 55
A2.1.
A2.2.
A2.3.
A2.4.
Artisanal Longline Fishery Characteristics
The Industrial and Artisanal Swordfish Fishery
The Elasmobranch Fishery
Range of Fishing Gear and Methods
A2.4.1. Artisanal mahi mahi longline
A2.4.2. Industrial swordfish fishery
A2.5.
A2.6.
A2.7.
A2.8.
A2.9.
A2.10.
A2.11.
A2.12.
A2.13.
A2.14.
Catch and Discard Rates of Target and Bycatch Species
Regulations and Management Framework
Shark Market and Management Framework
Economic, Social, and Ecological Effects, Including Effects on Fishing Practices, from Regulations
Governing Shark Interactions
Practices to Deal with Caught Sharks and Costs from Shark Depredation and Gear Damage
Methods for Onboard Processing of Retained Sharks
Reasons for Discarding Sharks
Practices Employed to Reduce Shark Capture and Depredation
Reasons for Discontinuing any Methods Attempted to Reduce Shark Interactions
Perceptions on Efficacy and Commercial Viability of Strategies to Reduce Shark Interactions
A2.14.1. Avoiding peak areas and times of shark abundance
A2.14.2. Reducing the detection of baited hooks by sharks, such as by refraining from
chumming during the set and not discarding offal and spent bait during the haul
A2.14.3. Limiting shark access to baited hooks, such as altering fishing practices to consider deployment
depth of hooks and timing of the soak and haul to avoid problematic shark species
A2.14.4. Deterring sharks such as with chemical shark deterrents and electrical deterrents
A2.14.5. Reducing the attractiveness of baited hooks to sharks, such as by using artificial baits, using or
not using light sticks, or avoiding a bait type known to result in high shark catch rates
A2.14.6. Reducing injury to hooked sharks that you will discard
A2.14.7. Reducing shark retention by avoiding a specific size or type of hook, or by not using
wire leaders on branch lines
A2.14.8. Will the economic impact of sharks be reduced from using a wire leader on branch lines
A2.14.9. Most important factor that affects shark CPUE
A2.15.
A2.16.
A2.17.
Incentives and Attitudes on Reducing Shark Bycatch and Depredation
Supporting Figures
References
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