25 have picnics in our living room, using the fireplace as a grill.” 68 A few years later, Gregor quoted Elizabeth as saying, “I know that the roof has leaked and the skylights leak but I would rather live in this house than any other house in all the world.” 69 Elizabeth Affleck died in 1973 at the age of 71. Gregor died at 81 the following year. They had lived in the Wright-designed house for over three decades. Following their deaths, their children, Gregor P. and Mary Ann, rented the house to architects for a few years before giving it to the <strong>Lawrence</strong> Institute of Technology (now <strong>Lawrence</strong> <strong>Technological</strong> <strong>University</strong>) in 1978. At the time, Mary Ann said, “Mother and dad loved the house... and we want to help LIT by providing students an historic and creative architectural example from which to learn.” 70 The school contemplated continuing its use as a residence, but that was not done, and the house has been used ever since for classes, meetings, and fundraising events. It was placed on Michigan Register of Historic Places 1978, and the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The Affleck house today remains a testament in brick, wood, and glass to the fundamental tenets of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architectural philosophy and to Gregor and Elizabeth Affleck’s confidence in Wright’s unique vision. Under the stewardship of <strong>Lawrence</strong> <strong>Technological</strong> <strong>University</strong>, it will continue to expose visitors to Wright’s genius while serving generations of architectural students as a model of design that exists in harmony with its natural surroundings. Photograph by Megan Smith
Notes 1 Gregor S. Affl eck, “Fact Sheet,” 2 July 1967, Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives (hereafter “FLWFA”). 2 Affl eck wrote an article entitled, “Training Offi cers for the Naval Auxiliary,” The Wisconsin Engineer 23, no. 6 (March 1919): 202-205. 3 Ethan W. Schmidt, “Alumni Notes,” The Wisconsin Engineer 23, no. 7 (April 1919): 266; Willard A. Kates, “Alumni Notes,” The Wisconsin Engineer 24, no. 7 (April 1920): 285. 4 Marriage notice in “Alumni Notes,” The Wisconsin Alumni Magazine 25, no. 1 (November 1923): 15. 5 John Sergeant, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian Houses: The Case for Organic Architecture (New York: Watson-Guptil Publications, 1984), 70. 6 Ibid., 70. 7 Robert C. Twombly, Frank Lloyd Wright: His Life and His Architecture (New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1987), 205. 8 Ibid., 200. 9 For a listing of the articles, see Robert <strong>Lawrence</strong> Sweeney, Frank Lloyd Wright: An Annotated Bibliography (Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, 1978). 10 There is an extensive literature on prefabricated housing. See e.g., Barry Bergdoll and Peter Christensen, eds., Home Delivery: Fabricating The Modern Dwelling (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2008); Colin Davies, The Prefabricated Home (London: Reaktion Books, 2005); Dolores Hayden, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820-2000 (New York: Vintage Books, 2003). 11 Frank Lloyd Wright, An Autobiography (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943), 489. 12 Sergeant, Wright’s Usonian Houses, 138. 13 Frank Lloyd Wright, “The Natural House (1954),” in Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, ed., Frank Lloyd Wright Collected Writings, Vol. 5, 1949-59 (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, and The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, 1995), 115. 14 Ibid., 94. 15 Ibid., 120-121. According to historian Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, former Taliesin apprentice, “Wright disliked most forms of artifi - cial air conditioning because he believed them harmful. ‘Just think what happens to the “old pump” (the heart) when you come into an icy cold room after being out in the hot sun, or vice versa.’ The fl ow of natural air was always more desirable, even if the temperature of that moving air is higher than the cold blasts from excessive air conditioning.” Yukio Futagawa, ed, Frank Lloyd Wright Monograph 1924-1936, vol. 5. Text by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer (Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita, 1985), 99. 16 On Wright’s clients, see Leonard K. Eaton, Two Chicago Architects and Their Clients: Frank Lloyd Wright and Howard Van Doren Shaw (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969). 17 Summary of interview with Mary Ann Affl eck Lutomski, 6 May 1997 (conducted by George M. Goodwin in Providence, RI), FLWFA. 18 Gregor S. Affl eck to Frank Lloyd Wright, 28 June 1940, A065B02, FLWFA. Affl eck later admitted in correspondence to a prospective Wright homeowner, “Mrs. Affl eck, too, did not always want a Wright house.” Affl eck to Henry R. Hope, 17 June 1943, A077B05, FLWFA. 19 Gregor S. Affl eck, “Client’s Report,” undated account enclosed with letter to Progressive Architecture editor Thomas H. Creighton, 5 August 1946, A090A01, FLWFA. 20 Ibid. 21 Wright to Affl eck, 1 June 1940, A065A06, FLWFA. 22 Affl eck to Wright, 17 June 1940, A065A09, FLWFA. 23 “House at Bloomfi eld Hills, Michigan,” Progressive Architecture 27 (October 1946), 67. 24 Affl eck, “Client’s Report,” FLWFA. 25 United States Census, 1940 (www.1940census.net) (accessed 9 February 2011). 26 On Cranbrook, see Kathryn Eckert, Cranbrook: The Campus Guide (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2001). 27 Wright and Saarinen maintained a friendly rivalry for over two decades. The two men fi rst met in 1931 as judges of an international design competition in Rio de Janeiro. Saarinen invited Wright to speak at Cranbrook in 1935, and thereafter Wright made almost yearly trips to see the Saarinens. In his autobiography, Wright admitted some professional jealousy over Saarinen’s luck in landing large-scale, well-paying commissions. “I had always resented Saarinen a little, regarding him as our most accomplished foreign eclectic,” Wright wrote. He was “a little jealous too of [Saarinen’s] easy berth, bestowed by the hand of American riches, while I had to wait and work and scrape for mine, the hard way.” Wright, Autobiography, 515. 28 Yukio Futagawa, ed., Frank Lloyd Wright Monograph 1937-1941, vol. 6. Text by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer. (Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita, 1986), 250. 29 Affl eck to Wright, 28 June 1940, A065B02, FLWFA. 30 Frank Lloyd Wright, “Architecture and Modern Life” (1937), in Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, ed., Frank Lloyd Wright Collected Writings, Vol. 3, 1931-1939 (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, and The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, 1995), 239-240. 31 Affl eck to Wright, 28 June 1940, A065B02, FLWFA. 32 Interior photographs from the 1940s show a couch in the space at the base of the wall to the bedroom 26