The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

46 INTRODUCTION
els Tovs dXiOTTCKas] rovs viovs AfijxcoVy
Toifs uas"] ovras rod PlfMaXriK KOL i^fjsy
rovs Kvvas] rovs AWo(f)vXovs' ovs Kal
0vXiGraLovs ovofidt^eiv edos rfj rpa(f>fj.
^Ev ravrr] rfj opdacL dvayeypaTrrac roiovrcp rpoiro) drro rov ASd/JU p^expi rrjs
GvvreXelas.
Less fortunate with his identifications was the writer who composed, in
about the eighteenth century, the Book of the Mysteries of the Heavens and of
the Earth;^ for him the Ammonites are scorpions, the Amalekites eagles, the
Philistines foxes, the Egyptians hyenas, and the Edomites wolves.^
Elsewhere the Book of Dreams is quoted once only, in a recapitulatory
manner, by the Epistle of Barnabas i6: 5:^ iJoAtv o)s efieXXev rj ttoAc? Kal 6
vaos Kal 6 Xaos ^laparjX rrapahihoaOai^ ic/yavepcjOrj. Aeyec yap r] ypa(f>rj' "jKat
earai cV iaxdrcov rwv rjiiipcov^ Kal (om. multi MSS. Graeci et versio Latina)
rrapa8(jL>G€L Kvpios ra rrpo^ara rrjs vofifjs Kal rrfv [xdvSpav Kal rov irvpyov avr&v
els Kara(f)dopdv\ Kal eyevero Kad^ a eXdXrjGev Kvpios. This quotation is
generally compared with En. 89: 56-74. But the precise detail, 'at the end
of time', which was essential for the author of the Epistle, makes me think
rather of En. 90: 26-8: 'And I saw at that time a precipice . . . And these
blinded sheep were brought and they were . . . cast into this abyss of fire
and they burned . . . And I rose to watch until they folded up that old house
(sc. Jerusalem) and all the columns were swept away . . . and they were cast
into a place to the right of the earth.' After this quotation the pseudo-
Barnabas asks himself: Zrjrrjacoixev 8e, el eariv vaos deov; eoriVy orrov avros
Xeyei rroieiv Kal Karaprl^eiv (16, 5).^ The last two verbs, rroieiv Kal Karapri-
^ecvy make an implicit allusion to En. 90: 29: 'And I watched till the Lord
of the Sheep brought a new house ... all its columns were new, and
its ornaments were new . . .' Note, however, that the author of the Epistle
(or rather the compiler of a Christian manual of anti-Jewish testimonia) did
not understand properly the symbolical language of the Book of Dreams.
*The People of Israel' is correctly identified with 'the Sheep of the pasture'
(even if 'the Sheep', in Aramaic, alone would sufiice), and 'the Tower'
(probably Aramaic XnT2) with 'the Temple'; but 'the Sheepfold' is
certainly not 'the Town (of Jerusalem)', which is usually called 'the House'
' Ed. S. Gr^baut, PO vi, 3 (1911), 395 [i37]. ^ Eds. P. Prigent and R. A. Kraft, SC 172
^ The Egyptians are correctly identified with (1971), 190.
the wolves of En. 89: 19 ff. in C>SCO 235/^efA. ^ For the reference to En. 91: 13 which
43 (236/44* Versio), p. 81, 26-7 (p. 71, 29-30) follows, see below, p. 257.