The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 37 towards Beqa', Amanus, Elymais(?), the lands of India, in the directions East, North, East, North-East. More complex, less clear, more difficult to sort out, are the mythological journeys of Enoch. The itinerary of the second expedition to the lands of the aromatics is relatively simple. In order to reach the mountains where nard, mastic, cardamom, and pepper grow, the patriarch takes the north-easterly direction. Following the route towards the East, he flies over the Red Sea, FIG. 4. The environs of Jerusalem according to Enoch 26 crosses the barrier of darkness, and arrives in the Paradise of righteousness (4QEn^ I xxvi 18-21; En. 32: 2-3). This paradise is thus situated exactly in the North-East of the universe; it contains the tree of knowledge, ro SevSpov rrjs povqa€a}s (32: 3-6). Towards the east of the ends of the earth, the patriarch notices a region filled with huge beasts and birds (33: i). This is a striking parallel to a passage in the text accompanying the Babylonian Mappa Mundi (above, p. 15), obv. lines 6 to 9, where various beasts, including monkeys and seamonsters, but especially desert-animals, are enumerated. There is surely an allusion here to the eastern shores of the Arabian peninsula and to Ethiopia. We shall see presently that five other regions of the Seven mentioned
38 INTRODUCTION in the Astronomical Book are described in detail by the author of the Book of Watchers. After his linear journey towards the East Enoch makes a circular flight along the boundaries of the sky and the earth; he quickly inspects the twelve doorways of the sun and the moon (six in the East and six in the West), the twelve doorways of the winds (three on each side of the universe), and the small doorways of the stars (33: 2-36: 3). In reality all this final part of the work is just a summary of the Astronomical Book or, more exactly, a reference to that book. The angel Uriel appears here too, but his role is expanded. He no longer contents himself with oral instruction, but writes down all his knowledge for the benefit of the patriarch (33: 3). As we saw, Enoch's first journey towards the setting of the sun appears in the Book of Watchers in a double recension (En. 17-19 and 21-5). The first, which forms part of the Visions of Enoch (above, p. 25), is rather imprecise as regards the siting of mythological geographical features along the western and northern boundaries of the universe. The explorer shows an interest, in the first place, in natural phenomena (En. 17). Carried off to the far West he finds himself in a region watched over by the beings of fire (17: i), and in a dark place, els ô^coStj tottov (17: za). The latter must be the region of the Babylonian map of the world situated right in the North, 'where the sun cannot be seen', asar ^Samst la innamar(u). The mountain of the West is described above all as the reservoir of the stars, of thunder, and of other natural phenomena; close by are situated the living waters (17: zb-jâ). The depository of the luminaries was to become, in the Judaean author's version, the quadruple depositorium of souls, one of which contains the luminous source of water (En. 22). The fire of the setting sun (17: 46) is described in more detail in En. 23. The Judaean author does not take up in the second recension any of the elements enumerated rapidly in 17: 5-18: 5. Enoch first crosses the river of fire (Pyriphlegethon of the Odyssey), then 'the great rivers' (17: 5-6^; the Greeks counted three of them), and ends up 'as far as the Great River and as far as the Great Darkness there where no being of flesh may go' (17: 6b), We easily recognize in this the circular Ocean, the Bitter River of the Babylonian map, and the sphere of darkness already located by our author in front of the north-eastern paradise.' It is in the region of the darkness of winter winds, ^ Note how ]''*)n3, which in the Astronomical ]'**1!3'7a of the Astronomical Book is called Book denotes only the Ocean, here comes to be XnaiD in the Book of Giants; see above, extended to several rivers, f31^*1 y^lXM and p. i5- to Kin3 par excellence', analogously the
Page 2 and 3: THE BOOKS OF ENOCH ARAMAIC FRAGMENT
Page 4 and 5: PREFACE THE year 1971 was the 150th
Page 6: PREFACE vii effectively preserved o
Page 9 and 10: X CONTENTS THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF
Page 12 and 13: ABBREVIATIONS C Cairo papyrus 10759
Page 14: ABBREVIATIONS SC Sources chretienne
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION THE main purpose of th
Page 20 and 21: ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 5 The destru
Page 22 and 23: ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 7 acknowledg
Page 24 and 25: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 9 (r^v aarpoX
Page 26 and 27: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK ii as it may,
Page 28 and 29: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 13 The origin
Page 30 and 31: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 15 On the oth
Page 32 and 33: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 17 FIG. 2. Th
Page 34 and 35: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 19 The charac
Page 36 and 37: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 21 surely be
Page 38 and 39: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 23 ''ID 'many'
Page 40 and 41: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 25 showed him
Page 42 and 43: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS a? We can read
Page 44 and 45: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 29 to men'; 'M
Page 46 and 47: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 31 that 'la tr
Page 48 and 49: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 33 The dwolUng
Page 50 and 51: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 35 bill of ind
Page 54 and 55: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 39 and hence i
Page 56 and 57: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 41 Astronomica
Page 58 and 59: THE BOOK OF DREAMS 43 At the beginn
Page 60 and 61: THE BOOK OF DREAMS 45 angels and th
Page 62 and 63: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 47 (Xn''3; En.
Page 64 and 65: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 49 was to surv
Page 66 and 67: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 51 ear to ever
Page 68 and 69: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH S3 world of me
Page 70 and 71: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 55 the last ex
Page 72 and 73: THE BOOK OF GIANTS 57 ceding text b
Page 74 and 75: (59) ENOCHIC WRITINGS AND ESSENE FR
Page 76 and 77: ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
Page 78 and 79: I ST year 2 Delayah 3 Me'ozyah 4 Yo
Page 86 and 87: THE GREEK VERSION 71 blank leaf, th
Page 88 and 89: THE GREEK VERSION 73 Quite recently
Page 90 and 91: THE GREEK VERSION 75 hand of this m
Page 92 and 93: THE GREEK VERSION 77 fought (above,
Page 94 and 95: THE LATIN, COPTIC, AND SYRIAC TRANS
Page 100 and 101: THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 85 y. Mu
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 87 61: 6
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CHAPTER III WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO ENO
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 91 of the just
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 93 Titans, Gia
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 95 'Again he w
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 97 Coptic Enoc
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS 99
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS loi
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 109 Christian, t
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH in and give a ca
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 113 pp. 40-1) an
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 115 Methuselah,
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THE MIDDLE AGES 117 defeat of the A
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THE MIDDLE AGES 119 During his visi
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THE MIDDLE AGES 121 riiiipais avTiK
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THE MIDDLE AGES 123 A rich iconogra
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(125) ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATU
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ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATURE 127
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH FIRST COPY (4QEn
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En» I i FIRST COPY 141 form is 'Ap
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En* I i FIRST COPY 143 The text of
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En* I i-ii FIRST COPY 145 phrase iv
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En» I ii FIRST COPY 147 (consider)
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En* I ii FIRST COPY 149 LI. 9/10. A
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 151 [« Ând t
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 153 4QEN ». b
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EnMiii FIRST COPY 155 (b) In this c
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En* I iii-iv FIRST COPY 157 L. 15.
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En* I IV FIRST COPY 159 LI. 1-5 (En
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En* I iv-v FIRST COPY i6i of the de
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En» I vi FIRST COPY 163 [. . . 2Â
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En^ I i-ii SECOND COPY 165 He: n**^
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En" I ii SECOND COPY ^ 167 [xnnxi B
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En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169 iToi€LV
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En" 1 iii SECOND COPY 171 Koam NX'?
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En^ I iii SECOND COPY 173 19:1; 21:
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En^ I iii-iv SECOND COPY 175 L. 16.
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En^ I vi SECOND COPY 177 I find a r
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THIRD COPY 179 The arrangement of t
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THIRD COPY i8i The etymological Ale
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THIRD COPY 183 Remember, however, t
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En
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En^ I i THIRD COPY 187 L. 19. The p
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En'^ I V THIRD COPY 189 [« 7And] t
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En ]irm. With the expression *f ^31
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En« I vi THIRD COPY 193 lâ*'? n ]
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En^îvi THIRD COPY 195 on [sitting
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En'îvi THIRD COPY 197 L. 6. Note t
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En 5- L. 24. For see En^ 1 xi 6. LI
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En
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En'îxiii THIRD COPY 203 KoX rwv) d
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En
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En^Si THIRD COPY 207 ]ir)[2x n n^^s
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En^sii THIRD COPY 209 before ws epe
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 211 The identifi
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En'^Sii THIRD COPY 213 paradisum vo
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 215 ÎdpeO Kard^
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En
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End I xi FOURTH COPY 219 preceding
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End I xii FOURTH COPY 221 xniD r\Db
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End2ii FOURTH COPY 223 [. . . "And
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En^zm FOURTH COPY 225 in Dan. 8:4;
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FIFTH COPY 227 Just as with the scr
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EnMxxii FIFTH COPY 229 L. 2. The le
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 231 {avTTwv C),
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 233 Paraphrasing
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En'ixxvii FIFTH COPY 235 -[laK ] 4-
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En* 2 and 3 FIFTH COPY 237 [ ]x2n s
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En«4i FIFTH COPY 239 [and perishin
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En«4ii FIFTH COPY 241 [xmn Kmn KHV
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En* 4 iii FIFTH COPY 243 oppressed
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En^ I SIXTH COPY 245 in n^'na'? man
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SEVENTH COPY 247 the other four col
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SEVENTH COPY 249 4Q180 I margin [ni
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SEVENTH COPY 251 Lines 1-5 of 181 2
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SEVENTH COPY 253 of the Greek versi
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SEVENTH COPY 255 to quote here (alo
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SEVENTH COPY 257 Jewish work: yeypa
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En« I i SEVENTH COPY 259 Sometimes
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En« I ii SEVENTH COPY 261 Only E t
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En8 I iii SEVENTH COPY 263 L. 23. I
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En« I iv SEVENTH COPY 265 m*'; L.
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En8 I iv SEVENTH COPY 267 wicked, a
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En* I V SEVENTH COPY 269 constitute
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Enîv SEVENTH COPY 271 The text of
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF ENOCH (4QE
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 275 thir
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 277 Than
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Enastr* 7 i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC C
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Enastr^7i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC CAL
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Enastr^7i-m THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALEN
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Enastrîii CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
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Enastr
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Enasti*23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastr^23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastrâs CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastr*'28 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
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Enastr
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299 complete
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 301 *[.,.] ^
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 303 Here the
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 305 At line
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 307 east, be
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 309 {page 2)
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EnGiants* i, 2, 3 FIRST COPY 311 4Q
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EnGiants»7 FIRST COPY 313 xiî min
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EnGiants* 8 FIRST COPY 315 pD"? Kin
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EnGiants* ii, 12, 13 FIRST COPY 317
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LATER HISTORY 319 the cursing of th
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LATER HISTORY 321 and *Aza'el, to w
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LATER HISTORY 323 e D F E aasrna Ki
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LATER HISTORY 325 .aVirn annn^ Kin
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LATER HISTORY 327 Translation of th
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LATER HISTORY 329 every (sin) with
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LATER HISTORY 33i Grunbaum {Ges. Au
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LATER HISTORY 333 The narrative of
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LATER HISTORY 335 '^[. . .] and the
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LATER HISTORY 337 subject of the Wa
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LATER HISTORY 339 information discu
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 34X miz?
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 343 ] ia-i
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 345 24 vac
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 347 2 I la
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 349 x-'lot
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 351 I xii
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION T * » r ]
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 355 n -jDi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 357 I xxvi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION ntrs7 inY?
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 361 nas2 p
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ADDENDUM TO P. 106 rfj KvpcaKfj TTp
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INDEXES Passages of Enoch preserved
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GLOSSARIES Aramaic-Greek-Ethiopic G
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ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 369
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GREEK-ARAMAIC iv: \ (bnp) p , bv; c
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GREEK-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY rptjSo): ppl
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'amed: IIDS; 'arah: lira *araya\ ID
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maki'ibtt: mali'ak: TV, tr?np, pi m
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ETHIOPIC-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY 407 tiwle
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INDEX OF QUOTATIONS, TEXTS, AND MAN
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GENERAL INDEX Aalen, A., 72 Aaron,
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Bardy, G., 19, nS Bar-Lamek, 31, 34
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GENERAL INDEX 431 Enoch, passim; or
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GENERAL INDEX 433 Haurvatdt 'Integr
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Mapar'elf 12th fallen angel, 150-1,
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Salmanassar, 254 Sdniy Middle Persi
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GENERAL INDEX 439 vocabulary, words
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The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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