The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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LATER HISTORY 337 subject of the Watchers'; in actual fact it comes from the Book of Giants, as we have suggested above (p. 319). The ban (XriDinX in the magic cups) of the mountain, where the two hundred angels are bound to one another by oath (lainX 4QEn* i iii 5 = En. 6: 6), is followed in the Syncellus passage by the curse of the sons of men (and/or the sons of the Watchers): Kal vvv iyo) Aeyco vfitv viols dvOpconcoVy etc. (above, p. 318). It is obvious that it is Enoch who delivers this curse, just as he must have delivered the first curse on Mount Hermon. A quite explicit reference to this second part of the quotation from Syncellus seems to occur in another Judaeo-Babylonian magical text, namely in Montgomery 4, 3 which I read and translate: Din •'Krn ''inx ^nnx n*'2 ITONT xnio^xa p"? Knox, 'Again, i am going to bind you with the oath with which the House of Enoch bound his evil brothers.'^ Note the orthography '^linx, with the prothetic Aleph, which recalls the Arabic 'Uhnuh. The expression 'House of Enoch' obviously means 'School of Enoch'. Thus the antediluvian sage was pictured surrounded by his disciples just like a learned rabbi in a Judaeo-Babylonian academy. In the incantation texts there occurs several times a rabbi-magician called X*'mD 12 ysnn** now, in 8, 11 'the seal of the House of Yoshua bar Perahyah' is invoked, X^'mD 12 Sl&in'' n^'DT Xnj?rS7D1, this phrase being parallel to K^'OX X^mS p Î&inn XnprS731 in 17, 12. The 'wicked brothers' of Enoch are not members of his family but, in the wider meaning of the word, all his contemporaries, the sons of men and the sons of the Watchers, the sinning generation given up to destruction by the waters of the flood. This interpretation is confirmed by Montgomery 19, 17 where the invocation ^12n n^2 nprS72 nÔX nm, 'Again, bound by the seal of the House of Enoch', is followed immediately by the expression X3T X^13?3D ]*'a*'nni, XnS7TT 'and sealed by the great flood of terror'.^ Similarly the sentence which comes shortly after the reference to the House of Enoch in Montgomery 4, 3 leads us back to the context of the Enochic writings (lines 4-5): 7]^20 nonXT XniD[^X3 pD^"?!?] XllDX nm is;i xim (xm ed.) nn xar is; iwi'ja {]î&''''i'?a} lov ]nni r3DD * Loc. cit., pp. 133-7 and pi. V; Rossell, 3 Loc. cit., pp. 195-200 and pi. XX; Rossell, PP-83-4, no. 8 (Montgomery reads n**!''TONT pp. 109-12 no. 29 (Montgomery reads plH, and translates *with which Enoch was charmed but on p. 135 he writes Tor Enoch in incantaby his wicked brothers'). tions, cf. 19: 17'; in the second sentence he 2 Montgomery 8, 6 and 8 (= Rossell 24); reads ilTWH K^DM and translates in part 9, 2; 17, 8 and 10. On this historical person, *by the great... of Zeus*). Montgomery, pp. 226-8. 8261616 Z
338 THE BOOK OF GIANTS K2plST Tim XnS7ty. 'Again, I am going to bind you with the bond with which have been bound the Seven Stars and the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac unto the great day of judgement and to the great hour of salvation.' The seven chained planets are well described in En. i8: 13-16 and 21: 3-6; for the 'great day of judgement' see the note to 4QEn^ i iv 11 = En. 10:12. Even the earlier Enochic works, the Astronomical Book and the Book of Watchers, seem to know the system of the Zodiac (pp. 187 and 319); thus it is quite likely that the Book of Giants, which is of a much more recent date (above, p. 58), may have made a mythological reference to it, of the kind which we find in this magical sentence. The same phrase occurs in the incantation text published by Gordon in Orientaliay x (1941), pp. 273-6, no. 11, and pp. 282-4, pis. II-IV (Rossell, pp. 104-6, no. 26), line 15: nO]T»KT XmO^KD ]yTb)3 XnOX WpniDT Xn[2n KnriZ? 1S71. . . nS7nB?. Now, the same bowl (Jewish Theological Seminary collection, no. F 447) offers in its first part an almost identical text to that of Montgomery 2 and 27. Again, the magician appears attired in the mantle of Hermes (this time written 0''0*'aiK, line 3); again, he delivers, against the devils and the adversaries (*'n*'na *'2ai*'^S731 "*0'^2 ''3lbl03, lines 4-5), the great incantation of the Sea and the incantation of the dragon Leviathan (XriD linT^PT KDIPKai Xan KSB^XD, lines 6-7); again, he recalls the curses of the mythical past {rvm n Xm*'!! ]yyb)3 Xin^HD xnn ]inn'''?'?i xnib []ian''n*7i] p^^s; mm^xT xnannxi, 'i am going to bring down the decree of heaven upon you and the ban which I brought upon you, and on Mount Hermon, and on the monster Leviathan', line 9). Here, before Hermon is mentioned, we find invoked the curse brought by Hermes-Metatron (p. 133) upon all the demons, in other words upon the Watchers and upon the giants, their children. Two 'children of the Watchers' are mentioned by name in the incantation published by Gordon in Archiv Orientdlniy ix (1937), pp. 86-90 and pis. H-IV (Text H = Rossell, pp. 112-14, no. 30), line 11: nillXI Tno npnâi n^S7 •'ni; immediately afterwards the 'sons of the nephelim' and the 'king of the demons' are invoked (line 12): ^TOI XDâ mB?X1 ^1T\ In conclusion, the Judaeo-Babylonian magical texts contain several themes peculiar to Enochic literature. The curse of Mount Hermon, to which these texts allude, was certainly to be found in the Book of Giants; other Enochic elements which have just been discussed probably come from there also. About the seventh century, knowledge of these themes is thus widely authenticated at the popular level. Scholarly and literary knowledge probably goes back to the beginning of the fourth century, because—in the light of the
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH ARAMAIC FRAGMENT
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PREFACE THE year 1971 was the 150th
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PREFACE vii effectively preserved o
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X CONTENTS THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF
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ABBREVIATIONS C Cairo papyrus 10759
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ABBREVIATIONS SC Sources chretienne
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INTRODUCTION THE main purpose of th
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 5 The destru
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 7 acknowledg
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 9 (r^v aarpoX
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK ii as it may,
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 13 The origin
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 15 On the oth
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 17 FIG. 2. Th
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 19 The charac
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 21 surely be
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 23 ''ID 'many'
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 25 showed him
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS a? We can read
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 29 to men'; 'M
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 31 that 'la tr
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 33 The dwolUng
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 35 bill of ind
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 37 towards Beq
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 39 and hence i
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 41 Astronomica
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 43 At the beginn
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 45 angels and th
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 47 (Xn''3; En.
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 49 was to surv
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 51 ear to ever
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH S3 world of me
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 55 the last ex
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THE BOOK OF GIANTS 57 ceding text b
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(59) ENOCHIC WRITINGS AND ESSENE FR
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ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
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I ST year 2 Delayah 3 Me'ozyah 4 Yo
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THE GREEK VERSION 71 blank leaf, th
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THE GREEK VERSION 73 Quite recently
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THE GREEK VERSION 75 hand of this m
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THE GREEK VERSION 77 fought (above,
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THE LATIN, COPTIC, AND SYRIAC TRANS
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 85 y. Mu
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 87 61: 6
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CHAPTER III WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO ENO
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 91 of the just
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 93 Titans, Gia
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 95 'Again he w
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 97 Coptic Enoc
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS 99
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS loi
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 109 Christian, t
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH in and give a ca
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 113 pp. 40-1) an
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 115 Methuselah,
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THE MIDDLE AGES 117 defeat of the A
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THE MIDDLE AGES 119 During his visi
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THE MIDDLE AGES 121 riiiipais avTiK
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THE MIDDLE AGES 123 A rich iconogra
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(125) ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATU
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ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATURE 127
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH FIRST COPY (4QEn
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En» I i FIRST COPY 141 form is 'Ap
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En* I i FIRST COPY 143 The text of
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En* I i-ii FIRST COPY 145 phrase iv
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En» I ii FIRST COPY 147 (consider)
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En* I ii FIRST COPY 149 LI. 9/10. A
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 151 [« Ând t
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 153 4QEN ». b
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EnMiii FIRST COPY 155 (b) In this c
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En* I iii-iv FIRST COPY 157 L. 15.
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En* I IV FIRST COPY 159 LI. 1-5 (En
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En* I iv-v FIRST COPY i6i of the de
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En» I vi FIRST COPY 163 [. . . 2Â
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En^ I i-ii SECOND COPY 165 He: n**^
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En" I ii SECOND COPY ^ 167 [xnnxi B
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En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169 iToi€LV
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En" 1 iii SECOND COPY 171 Koam NX'?
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En^ I iii SECOND COPY 173 19:1; 21:
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En^ I iii-iv SECOND COPY 175 L. 16.
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En^ I vi SECOND COPY 177 I find a r
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THIRD COPY 179 The arrangement of t
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THIRD COPY i8i The etymological Ale
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THIRD COPY 183 Remember, however, t
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En
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En^ I i THIRD COPY 187 L. 19. The p
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En'^ I V THIRD COPY 189 [« 7And] t
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En ]irm. With the expression *f ^31
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En« I vi THIRD COPY 193 lâ*'? n ]
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En^îvi THIRD COPY 195 on [sitting
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En'îvi THIRD COPY 197 L. 6. Note t
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En 5- L. 24. For see En^ 1 xi 6. LI
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En
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En'îxiii THIRD COPY 203 KoX rwv) d
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En
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En^Si THIRD COPY 207 ]ir)[2x n n^^s
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En^sii THIRD COPY 209 before ws epe
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 211 The identifi
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En'^Sii THIRD COPY 213 paradisum vo
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 215 ÎdpeO Kard^
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En
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End I xi FOURTH COPY 219 preceding
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End I xii FOURTH COPY 221 xniD r\Db
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End2ii FOURTH COPY 223 [. . . "And
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En^zm FOURTH COPY 225 in Dan. 8:4;
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FIFTH COPY 227 Just as with the scr
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EnMxxii FIFTH COPY 229 L. 2. The le
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 231 {avTTwv C),
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 233 Paraphrasing
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En'ixxvii FIFTH COPY 235 -[laK ] 4-
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En* 2 and 3 FIFTH COPY 237 [ ]x2n s
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En«4i FIFTH COPY 239 [and perishin
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En«4ii FIFTH COPY 241 [xmn Kmn KHV
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En* 4 iii FIFTH COPY 243 oppressed
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En^ I SIXTH COPY 245 in n^'na'? man
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SEVENTH COPY 247 the other four col
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SEVENTH COPY 249 4Q180 I margin [ni
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SEVENTH COPY 251 Lines 1-5 of 181 2
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SEVENTH COPY 253 of the Greek versi
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SEVENTH COPY 255 to quote here (alo
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SEVENTH COPY 257 Jewish work: yeypa
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En« I i SEVENTH COPY 259 Sometimes
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En« I ii SEVENTH COPY 261 Only E t
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En8 I iii SEVENTH COPY 263 L. 23. I
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En« I iv SEVENTH COPY 265 m*'; L.
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En8 I iv SEVENTH COPY 267 wicked, a
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En* I V SEVENTH COPY 269 constitute
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Enîv SEVENTH COPY 271 The text of
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF ENOCH (4QE
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 275 thir
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 277 Than
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Enastr* 7 i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC C
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Enastr^7i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC CAL
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Enastr^7i-m THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALEN
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Enastrîii CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
Page 302 and 303: Enastr
Page 304 and 305: Enasti*23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 306 and 307: Enastr^23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 308 and 309: Enastrâs CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 310 and 311: Enastr*'28 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
Page 312 and 313: Enastr
Page 314 and 315: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299 complete
Page 316 and 317: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 301 *[.,.] ^
Page 318 and 319: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 303 Here the
Page 320 and 321: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 305 At line
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Page 324 and 325: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 309 {page 2)
Page 326 and 327: EnGiants* i, 2, 3 FIRST COPY 311 4Q
Page 328 and 329: EnGiants»7 FIRST COPY 313 xiî min
Page 330 and 331: EnGiants* 8 FIRST COPY 315 pD"? Kin
Page 332 and 333: EnGiants* ii, 12, 13 FIRST COPY 317
Page 334 and 335: LATER HISTORY 319 the cursing of th
Page 336 and 337: LATER HISTORY 321 and *Aza'el, to w
Page 338 and 339: LATER HISTORY 323 e D F E aasrna Ki
Page 340 and 341: LATER HISTORY 325 .aVirn annn^ Kin
Page 342 and 343: LATER HISTORY 327 Translation of th
Page 344 and 345: LATER HISTORY 329 every (sin) with
Page 346 and 347: LATER HISTORY 33i Grunbaum {Ges. Au
Page 348 and 349: LATER HISTORY 333 The narrative of
Page 350 and 351: LATER HISTORY 335 '^[. . .] and the
Page 354 and 355: LATER HISTORY 339 information discu
Page 356 and 357: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 34X miz?
Page 358 and 359: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 343 ] ia-i
Page 360 and 361: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 345 24 vac
Page 362 and 363: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 347 2 I la
Page 364 and 365: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 349 x-'lot
Page 366 and 367: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 351 I xii
Page 368 and 369: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION T * » r ]
Page 370 and 371: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 355 n -jDi
Page 372 and 373: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 357 I xxvi
Page 374 and 375: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION ntrs7 inY?
Page 376 and 377: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 361 nas2 p
Page 378 and 379: ADDENDUM TO P. 106 rfj KvpcaKfj TTp
Page 380 and 381: INDEXES Passages of Enoch preserved
Page 382 and 383: GLOSSARIES Aramaic-Greek-Ethiopic G
Page 384 and 385: ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 369
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ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 387
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GREEK-ARAMAIC iv: \ (bnp) p , bv; c
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GREEK-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY rptjSo): ppl
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'amed: IIDS; 'arah: lira *araya\ ID
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maki'ibtt: mali'ak: TV, tr?np, pi m
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ETHIOPIC-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY 407 tiwle
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INDEX OF QUOTATIONS, TEXTS, AND MAN
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GENERAL INDEX Aalen, A., 72 Aaron,
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Bardy, G., 19, nS Bar-Lamek, 31, 34
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GENERAL INDEX 431 Enoch, passim; or
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GENERAL INDEX 433 Haurvatdt 'Integr
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Mapar'elf 12th fallen angel, 150-1,
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Salmanassar, 254 Sdniy Middle Persi
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GENERAL INDEX 439 vocabulary, words
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The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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