The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 19 The character of the Greek version of the Astronomical Book may be gleaned from the Ethiopic adaptation. It can be seen clearly now that the Egyptian Jews responsible for the translation from Aramaic were at pains to shorten the voluminous, prolix, and terribly monotonous original. The lunisolar calendar, which occupied the major part of the book, was transposed into simple tables, one of which, containing the distribution of the 'doorways' of the moon by days of the months of the solar year of 364 days, is given below. The introduction and the remainder of the work were freely adapted, in an attempt not only to abridge it, but also to bring it up to date here and there, in relation to the state of astronomical knowledge in the Hellenistic world. ^ As ill luck would have it, the Greek translators were not able to procure a complete copy of the Aramaic, and had to use one from which a good part of the final section of the work was missing. This suggests that there were only very few copies of the Astronomical Book in circulation among the Egyptian Jews of the Graeco-Roman era. (Alternatively, it was the Ethiopic translator who could not find a complete copy of the Greek version, and the scarcity of the work was among the Christians of the Byzantine period.) Until recently there were no known samples of the Greek text of this book. However, I have now identified two small scraps of a Greek papyrus, Oxy. 2069, fragment 3'' and 3^ as being parts of En. 77: 7-78: i and 78: 8.^ Otherwise there exist merely an allusion to MaBriiiara Êva>x (the Greek title of the Astronomical Book of Enoch) made by Anatolius the Alexandrian, bishop of Laodicea in 269 (Eus., Hist. Eccl. vii. 32. 19), and a brief summary preserved in the Chronography of Syncellus, drawn no doubt from the chronicles of the Alexandrian monks, Panodorus and Anianus {ca. A.D. 400): 1. Tov 8e TOV TTpwTOV Trap* Ê^paiois [irjva Trepl lorrjixeplav eivai TRAPAARA- TaTiKa Kal ra iv tco Êvojx /XA^T^JLTARA: extract from the Canons of Anatolius on Easter, quoted by Eusebius of Caesarea, Hist. Eccl. (ed. G. Bardy, SC 41 (i9S5)> 277); cf. En. 72: 6-10. 2. *Ev TOVTCDi (Anno Mundi 1286) yap /car* imTpoTrriv tov eVi TrdvTcov deov' 6 em Tciv acTpcov dpxdyyeXos OvpirjX* eiirjvvae twl Êvcox' '^^ ^^'^^ I^W' '^^^ TpOTT'q' Kal ivtavTos. (09 iv ttji jStjSAcot avTOV Êvc^x (f>€p€Tac Kal to eêtv tov iviavTov vjS' (in Barb. 7]^\ corrected in margin to v^') ipSoîdSas ... (in the year 956 before the Flood) iyvcopiaOr] twl Êvwx* âl to is jlcct' avTov 6 ^ Cf. Charles's notes to 78: 15-16 and to ^ See below, p. 75, and my paper in 79- 5- Chronique d'^gypte, 1971, no. 92, 333-41-
20 INTRODUCTION iviavaios xpovos* KOL (in B. added in marg.) o rerpafieprjs avrov rpomK&s {sic; B. rpoTTiKos)' Kal 6 (in B. added in marg.) ScoSeKafjLeprjs ixrjviatos, 8ipa iylvwaKov (B. iycyv^)* Kal ol rrpo TOV KaTaKXvafJLOv dvdpCDTTOi ;^tAtots' TTOV €T€Giv* rjyow Kal rots rfXiaKots ereatv' Kal firjal Karafierpetv ra rcbv âmXeojv avrojv errj: Chronography of George Syncellus in Paris, Bibl. Nat. MS. grec 1711, p. 22, 5-7, 13-17 (ed. Dindorf, pp. 60-1), and in Rome, Vat. Barberini Gr. MS. 227, f. 30% 19-30'', i. 9-14. 3. This passage of Syncellus has been summarized by George Cedrenus: TTepiex^rai Se iv rfj ^l^Xcp r&v d7TOKpv(f>ojv Êva>X9 on OvpLTjX ifMijvvae TCO Êvcjx TL ion fJL'qv Kal rpoTnjv {sic)* Kal iviavros. Kal rov ivcavrov ex^LV irevr'qKOVTa Siio ipSofjidSas in Sinai, Gr. MS. 1184, f. i2^ 6-9 (cf. ed. I. Bekker, Bonn 1838, i, p. 21, 11-13, and PG 121, col. 45 B-c). A clear reference to the last section of the Astronomical Book of Enoch, which lists many names of angels, presiding stars, seasons, and days (probably continuing to the end of the book, which is missing in the Ethiopic version), is given by Origen in the homily to Num. 28: 2 (ed. W. A. Baehrens, GCS 30 (1921), 282,1-7, Rufinus' translation): *fortasse et in coelestibus regionibus erunt locorum differentiae non minimae, videris quibus vel appellationibus vocabulisque distinctae, et nomina non solum plagarum coeli, sed etiam omnium stellarum siderumque signata. "Qui enim fecit multitudinem stellarum"—ût ait propheta—"omnibus iis nomina vocat.'' De quibus nominibus [names of stars and seasons. En. 75: 3 and 82: 10-20; names of heavenquarters. En. 77: 1-3] plurima quidem in libellis, qui appellantur Enoch, secreta continentur et arcana.' For an allusion to En. 80: 2 in the Epistle of Barnabas, see p. 74. The passage in Syncellus on the role of the angel Kokab'el, 'Star of God' (quoted below, p. 319), also refers no doubt to the final part of the astronomical document which described the movements of the stars; see Enastrbelow, pp. 296-7. On the other hand, we must eliminate the Latin allusions which were thought to have been found in TertuUian (Martin, p. 187, note to 81: i) and Lactantius (ibid., p. cxxxi, and Charles, p. xc). The first is in De cultu feminaruniy i. 3 (A. Kroyman, CSEL 70 (1942), 63): *cum Enoch filio suo Mathusalae nihil aliud mandaverit, quam ut notitiam earum [that is, sermons on the fallen angels] posteris suis traderet.' This statement remains veryvague, and since TertuUian knew the Epistle of Enoch very well—^he gives a very faithful quotation of 99: 6-7 in De idololatria 4—^the reference must
Page 2 and 3: THE BOOKS OF ENOCH ARAMAIC FRAGMENT
Page 4 and 5: PREFACE THE year 1971 was the 150th
Page 6: PREFACE vii effectively preserved o
Page 9 and 10: X CONTENTS THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF
Page 12 and 13: ABBREVIATIONS C Cairo papyrus 10759
Page 14: ABBREVIATIONS SC Sources chretienne
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION THE main purpose of th
Page 20 and 21: ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 5 The destru
Page 22 and 23: ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 7 acknowledg
Page 24 and 25: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 9 (r^v aarpoX
Page 26 and 27: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK ii as it may,
Page 28 and 29: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 13 The origin
Page 30 and 31: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 15 On the oth
Page 32 and 33: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 17 FIG. 2. Th
Page 36 and 37: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 21 surely be
Page 38 and 39: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 23 ''ID 'many'
Page 40 and 41: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 25 showed him
Page 42 and 43: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS a? We can read
Page 44 and 45: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 29 to men'; 'M
Page 46 and 47: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 31 that 'la tr
Page 48 and 49: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 33 The dwolUng
Page 50 and 51: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 35 bill of ind
Page 52 and 53: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 37 towards Beq
Page 54 and 55: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 39 and hence i
Page 56 and 57: THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 41 Astronomica
Page 58 and 59: THE BOOK OF DREAMS 43 At the beginn
Page 60 and 61: THE BOOK OF DREAMS 45 angels and th
Page 62 and 63: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 47 (Xn''3; En.
Page 64 and 65: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 49 was to surv
Page 66 and 67: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 51 ear to ever
Page 68 and 69: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH S3 world of me
Page 70 and 71: THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 55 the last ex
Page 72 and 73: THE BOOK OF GIANTS 57 ceding text b
Page 74 and 75: (59) ENOCHIC WRITINGS AND ESSENE FR
Page 76 and 77: ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
Page 78 and 79: I ST year 2 Delayah 3 Me'ozyah 4 Yo
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ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
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THE GREEK VERSION 71 blank leaf, th
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THE GREEK VERSION 73 Quite recently
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THE GREEK VERSION 75 hand of this m
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THE GREEK VERSION 77 fought (above,
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THE LATIN, COPTIC, AND SYRIAC TRANS
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 85 y. Mu
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 87 61: 6
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CHAPTER III WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO ENO
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 91 of the just
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 93 Titans, Gia
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 95 'Again he w
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 97 Coptic Enoc
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS 99
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS loi
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 109 Christian, t
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH in and give a ca
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 113 pp. 40-1) an
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 115 Methuselah,
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THE MIDDLE AGES 117 defeat of the A
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THE MIDDLE AGES 119 During his visi
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THE MIDDLE AGES 121 riiiipais avTiK
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THE MIDDLE AGES 123 A rich iconogra
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(125) ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATU
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ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATURE 127
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH FIRST COPY (4QEn
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En» I i FIRST COPY 141 form is 'Ap
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En* I i FIRST COPY 143 The text of
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En* I i-ii FIRST COPY 145 phrase iv
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En» I ii FIRST COPY 147 (consider)
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En* I ii FIRST COPY 149 LI. 9/10. A
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 151 [« Ând t
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 153 4QEN ». b
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EnMiii FIRST COPY 155 (b) In this c
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En* I iii-iv FIRST COPY 157 L. 15.
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En* I IV FIRST COPY 159 LI. 1-5 (En
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En* I iv-v FIRST COPY i6i of the de
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En» I vi FIRST COPY 163 [. . . 2Â
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En^ I i-ii SECOND COPY 165 He: n**^
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En" I ii SECOND COPY ^ 167 [xnnxi B
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En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169 iToi€LV
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En" 1 iii SECOND COPY 171 Koam NX'?
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En^ I iii SECOND COPY 173 19:1; 21:
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En^ I iii-iv SECOND COPY 175 L. 16.
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En^ I vi SECOND COPY 177 I find a r
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THIRD COPY 179 The arrangement of t
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THIRD COPY i8i The etymological Ale
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THIRD COPY 183 Remember, however, t
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En
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En^ I i THIRD COPY 187 L. 19. The p
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En'^ I V THIRD COPY 189 [« 7And] t
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En ]irm. With the expression *f ^31
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En« I vi THIRD COPY 193 lâ*'? n ]
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En^îvi THIRD COPY 195 on [sitting
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En'îvi THIRD COPY 197 L. 6. Note t
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En 5- L. 24. For see En^ 1 xi 6. LI
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En
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En'îxiii THIRD COPY 203 KoX rwv) d
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En
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En^Si THIRD COPY 207 ]ir)[2x n n^^s
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En^sii THIRD COPY 209 before ws epe
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 211 The identifi
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En'^Sii THIRD COPY 213 paradisum vo
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 215 ÎdpeO Kard^
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En
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End I xi FOURTH COPY 219 preceding
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End I xii FOURTH COPY 221 xniD r\Db
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End2ii FOURTH COPY 223 [. . . "And
Page 240 and 241:
En^zm FOURTH COPY 225 in Dan. 8:4;
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FIFTH COPY 227 Just as with the scr
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EnMxxii FIFTH COPY 229 L. 2. The le
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 231 {avTTwv C),
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 233 Paraphrasing
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En'ixxvii FIFTH COPY 235 -[laK ] 4-
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En* 2 and 3 FIFTH COPY 237 [ ]x2n s
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En«4i FIFTH COPY 239 [and perishin
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En«4ii FIFTH COPY 241 [xmn Kmn KHV
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En* 4 iii FIFTH COPY 243 oppressed
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En^ I SIXTH COPY 245 in n^'na'? man
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SEVENTH COPY 247 the other four col
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SEVENTH COPY 249 4Q180 I margin [ni
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SEVENTH COPY 251 Lines 1-5 of 181 2
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SEVENTH COPY 253 of the Greek versi
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SEVENTH COPY 255 to quote here (alo
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SEVENTH COPY 257 Jewish work: yeypa
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En« I i SEVENTH COPY 259 Sometimes
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En« I ii SEVENTH COPY 261 Only E t
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En8 I iii SEVENTH COPY 263 L. 23. I
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En« I iv SEVENTH COPY 265 m*'; L.
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En8 I iv SEVENTH COPY 267 wicked, a
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En* I V SEVENTH COPY 269 constitute
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Enîv SEVENTH COPY 271 The text of
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF ENOCH (4QE
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 275 thir
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 277 Than
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Enastr* 7 i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC C
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Enastr^7i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC CAL
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Enastr^7i-m THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALEN
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Enastrîii CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
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Enastr
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Enasti*23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastr^23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastrâs CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
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Enastr*'28 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
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Enastr
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299 complete
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 301 *[.,.] ^
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 303 Here the
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 305 At line
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 307 east, be
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 309 {page 2)
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EnGiants* i, 2, 3 FIRST COPY 311 4Q
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EnGiants»7 FIRST COPY 313 xiî min
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EnGiants* 8 FIRST COPY 315 pD"? Kin
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EnGiants* ii, 12, 13 FIRST COPY 317
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LATER HISTORY 319 the cursing of th
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LATER HISTORY 321 and *Aza'el, to w
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LATER HISTORY 323 e D F E aasrna Ki
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LATER HISTORY 325 .aVirn annn^ Kin
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LATER HISTORY 327 Translation of th
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LATER HISTORY 329 every (sin) with
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LATER HISTORY 33i Grunbaum {Ges. Au
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LATER HISTORY 333 The narrative of
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LATER HISTORY 335 '^[. . .] and the
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LATER HISTORY 337 subject of the Wa
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LATER HISTORY 339 information discu
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 34X miz?
Page 358 and 359:
DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 343 ] ia-i
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 345 24 vac
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 347 2 I la
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 349 x-'lot
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 351 I xii
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION T * » r ]
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 355 n -jDi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 357 I xxvi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION ntrs7 inY?
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 361 nas2 p
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ADDENDUM TO P. 106 rfj KvpcaKfj TTp
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INDEXES Passages of Enoch preserved
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GLOSSARIES Aramaic-Greek-Ethiopic G
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ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 369
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GREEK-ARAMAIC iv: \ (bnp) p , bv; c
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GREEK-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY rptjSo): ppl
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'amed: IIDS; 'arah: lira *araya\ ID
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maki'ibtt: mali'ak: TV, tr?np, pi m
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ETHIOPIC-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY 407 tiwle
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INDEX OF QUOTATIONS, TEXTS, AND MAN
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GENERAL INDEX Aalen, A., 72 Aaron,
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Bardy, G., 19, nS Bar-Lamek, 31, 34
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GENERAL INDEX 431 Enoch, passim; or
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GENERAL INDEX 433 Haurvatdt 'Integr
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Mapar'elf 12th fallen angel, 150-1,
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Salmanassar, 254 Sdniy Middle Persi
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GENERAL INDEX 439 vocabulary, words
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The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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