The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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LATER HISTORY 33i Grunbaum {Ges. AufsatzCy pp. 65-6) by the influence of Greek mythology: Pleione, the mother of the Pleiad Nymphs pursued by Orion. In the Persian Islamic accounts the virgin has the name Anahid, Biduxt, Zuhra, Istahar, names which seem to be linked to the planet Venus. Islamic tradition, from the Koran onwards (ii, 102/96), denotes the two angels by the names Harut and Marut, thus identifying them with Haurvatat and Ameretat, 'Integrity' and * Immortality', two of the Amesa Spenta archangels of Zoroastrianism. In a Pahlevi-Sogdian glossary (Henning, Sogdica, 1940, p. 16), perhaps of Manichaean origin, de Menasce points out the equation: 'mwrd'd hrwd*d = hrwwt mrwwt.^ The concept of the wicked archangel stretched and suspended on the firmament above the earth is undeniably Manichaean. In Jewish literature this motif of the virgin-star underwent some transformations, some of which are definitely dependent upon our midrash. Towards the end of Deut. Rabba (Wilno 1887) the soul of Moses cried out: nm nam b\nm KTS? D^'DX^PQ m nT* anaa ^nrDiz? ^sxa ubMa bv) urn vy^b fnxn p onix n'^bm y^nxn b^ DDm wni&ni msnx 'Our Lord, Who art forever, from beside Thy Shekhinah, from on high, two angels, 'Azi and 'Aza'el, descended, and desired the daughters of the earth; and they corrupted their way upon the earth, until Thou didst suspend them betwixt earth and the firmament (of heaven).' An obvious influence of the midrash of Semhazai and *Aza*el is found again in the Oxford MS. 2340, §§ 17-19 (extract quoted by S. Ruber, miK n^'t&Xna, Wilno 1925, introduction, pp. 30-1): .px"? iron ]ass7 nmnvy^nn pior vnc? bHW^ xns? nt n-^nba m ^ A very interesting variant of the two angels Palestinian Karaites possessed an exemplar of myth is related by a Karaite writer of the the Book of Jubilees in Hebrew from the second half of the tenth century, Yefet Ab{i Qumran scrolls discovered around A.D. 800 'All, in his Arabic commentaries to the Penta- (see DJfD I, p. 88) ? For certainly medieval teuch and Isaiah (MSS. 562 and 569 of the Jews did not know Trince Mastema' from any Firkovitch collection; see a short note of A. other source, and Christians hardly knew Harkavy in Otiêt Imperat, Publ. Bihlioteki za MastSma (few Greek and Coptic attestations). igi2 gody Petrograd 1917, pp. 125-6). The The theme itself of the two good angelic worldcommentator denounces the * Sadducaean belief rulers (later becoming bad ones) derives mainly in two angels, Sar Mastema and Metatron^ from the Muslim Harut wa-Marut legend, created by God to rule over the world, to kill although it goes back as far as Jub. 4: 15 (see men and give life, to make them rich or poor p. 29). At the time of Ab
332 THE BOOK OF GIANTS nnaK" naiK Kin ^na tzmpn n\nB?D ]''S7ait& rn y^nn rni»D» laâ Dix na" Dîs; urn riD"? naK '^naiKn ÎD ^ya ^riKna ntt?K DiKn DK pK3 Dn^^m DK.Kin ^na mipn on"? naK.nnai&nm I&IIK ]3I ins7im . DD2np3 S7nn WDI r a . •n^'ra niD'' ••'IEÎ iKnn I'PK DIK ^DB? laD 2^nDT ir\n.Ta nT^D^KDin IIK ]^KI a m r I3K I"? naK^DDriK K-ôna n\m riD^ naK.s^^n"? mm^ wpa IKÎP jrD.^mKn nm nK D\n^K m iKTr ]nnD3 DnK ]^KI DnKat93 nnD on^ naK^nt ]ron ii^n D'JIS; mm ••i&iK rn n'?nna.''Di2?n ^!&3K Dîsa niz^K omam nan" "PKISI Kns;...nis7 r\b^bv}2 rn Dn'7n tjor •'ana nts^'^pK ''an naK • on p^n n&asvDt&n • yasKa i*7D''tt? IV n'7D ma^n "PD naa nmi. î&in nna p'7ni • "pna .ana waDîz? aniK"? D-'DIPD Dna'7ai mwKnaa naisi nnm 'The "sons of God"—^that (is) 'Uzza and 'Uzza*el, who were dwelling in the firmament (of heaven), and they let themselves descend to earth, to be put to the test. (It is to be) understood that, as they were dwelling in the firmament (of heaven), they were hearing as the Holy One—blessed be He—^was saying: "I shall destroy the man whom I have created from upon the surface of the ground (Gen. 6: 7)." They said before Him: "Our Lord, Who art forever, 'What is man that Thou knowest him, or the son of man that Thou takest account of him (Ps. 8: 5).'" The Holy One—blessed be He—said to them: "If you were on the earth like the sons of men, if you saw the beautiful women who are among them, forthwith the evil inclination would enter into you, and cause you to sin." They said to Him: "We shall descend, and we shall not sin." They descended forthwith. As it is written "And the sons of God saw the daughters of man" (Gen. 6: 2). As soon as they saw (them), they sought to return to the firmament (of heaven). They said before Him: "Our Lord, who art forever, judge us in this testing." He said to them: "Peradventure you have defiled yourselves and you are no longer clean. . .. 'Uzz^ and *Uzza'el: "They are the mighty ones from of old, men of renown (Gen. 6: 4)." At the beginning they were men of renown. And now, how are they? Rabbi Ele'ezer, son of Rabbi Joseph said: "They were suspended by a chain of iron and they are suspended in the mountains of darkness. They come from there each year until they shrink to the size of little fingers; and (then) they grow once more to (their) former (size). And they teach sorceries to those who consort with them." ^ For the obscure and slightly corrupted passage at the end of this text see L. Ginzberg, Hozofehy iv (1915), 30-
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH ARAMAIC FRAGMENT
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PREFACE THE year 1971 was the 150th
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PREFACE vii effectively preserved o
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X CONTENTS THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF
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ABBREVIATIONS C Cairo papyrus 10759
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ABBREVIATIONS SC Sources chretienne
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INTRODUCTION THE main purpose of th
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 5 The destru
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 7 acknowledg
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 9 (r^v aarpoX
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK ii as it may,
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 13 The origin
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 15 On the oth
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 17 FIG. 2. Th
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 19 The charac
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 21 surely be
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 23 ''ID 'many'
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 25 showed him
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS a? We can read
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 29 to men'; 'M
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 31 that 'la tr
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 33 The dwolUng
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 35 bill of ind
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 37 towards Beq
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 39 and hence i
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 41 Astronomica
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 43 At the beginn
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 45 angels and th
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 47 (Xn''3; En.
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 49 was to surv
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 51 ear to ever
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH S3 world of me
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 55 the last ex
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THE BOOK OF GIANTS 57 ceding text b
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(59) ENOCHIC WRITINGS AND ESSENE FR
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ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
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I ST year 2 Delayah 3 Me'ozyah 4 Yo
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THE GREEK VERSION 71 blank leaf, th
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THE GREEK VERSION 73 Quite recently
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THE GREEK VERSION 75 hand of this m
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THE GREEK VERSION 77 fought (above,
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THE LATIN, COPTIC, AND SYRIAC TRANS
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 85 y. Mu
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 87 61: 6
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CHAPTER III WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO ENO
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 91 of the just
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 93 Titans, Gia
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 95 'Again he w
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 97 Coptic Enoc
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS 99
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS loi
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 109 Christian, t
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH in and give a ca
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 113 pp. 40-1) an
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 115 Methuselah,
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THE MIDDLE AGES 117 defeat of the A
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THE MIDDLE AGES 119 During his visi
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THE MIDDLE AGES 121 riiiipais avTiK
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THE MIDDLE AGES 123 A rich iconogra
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(125) ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATU
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ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATURE 127
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH FIRST COPY (4QEn
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En» I i FIRST COPY 141 form is 'Ap
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En* I i FIRST COPY 143 The text of
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En* I i-ii FIRST COPY 145 phrase iv
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En» I ii FIRST COPY 147 (consider)
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En* I ii FIRST COPY 149 LI. 9/10. A
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 151 [« Ând t
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 153 4QEN ». b
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EnMiii FIRST COPY 155 (b) In this c
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En* I iii-iv FIRST COPY 157 L. 15.
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En* I IV FIRST COPY 159 LI. 1-5 (En
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En* I iv-v FIRST COPY i6i of the de
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En» I vi FIRST COPY 163 [. . . 2Â
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En^ I i-ii SECOND COPY 165 He: n**^
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En" I ii SECOND COPY ^ 167 [xnnxi B
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En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169 iToi€LV
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En" 1 iii SECOND COPY 171 Koam NX'?
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En^ I iii SECOND COPY 173 19:1; 21:
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En^ I iii-iv SECOND COPY 175 L. 16.
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En^ I vi SECOND COPY 177 I find a r
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THIRD COPY 179 The arrangement of t
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THIRD COPY i8i The etymological Ale
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THIRD COPY 183 Remember, however, t
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En
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En^ I i THIRD COPY 187 L. 19. The p
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En'^ I V THIRD COPY 189 [« 7And] t
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En ]irm. With the expression *f ^31
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En« I vi THIRD COPY 193 lâ*'? n ]
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En^îvi THIRD COPY 195 on [sitting
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En'îvi THIRD COPY 197 L. 6. Note t
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En 5- L. 24. For see En^ 1 xi 6. LI
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En
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En'îxiii THIRD COPY 203 KoX rwv) d
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En
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En^Si THIRD COPY 207 ]ir)[2x n n^^s
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En^sii THIRD COPY 209 before ws epe
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 211 The identifi
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En'^Sii THIRD COPY 213 paradisum vo
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En«5ii THIRD COPY 215 ÎdpeO Kard^
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En
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End I xi FOURTH COPY 219 preceding
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End I xii FOURTH COPY 221 xniD r\Db
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End2ii FOURTH COPY 223 [. . . "And
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En^zm FOURTH COPY 225 in Dan. 8:4;
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FIFTH COPY 227 Just as with the scr
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EnMxxii FIFTH COPY 229 L. 2. The le
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 231 {avTTwv C),
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EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 233 Paraphrasing
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En'ixxvii FIFTH COPY 235 -[laK ] 4-
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En* 2 and 3 FIFTH COPY 237 [ ]x2n s
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En«4i FIFTH COPY 239 [and perishin
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En«4ii FIFTH COPY 241 [xmn Kmn KHV
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En* 4 iii FIFTH COPY 243 oppressed
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En^ I SIXTH COPY 245 in n^'na'? man
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SEVENTH COPY 247 the other four col
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SEVENTH COPY 249 4Q180 I margin [ni
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SEVENTH COPY 251 Lines 1-5 of 181 2
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SEVENTH COPY 253 of the Greek versi
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SEVENTH COPY 255 to quote here (alo
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SEVENTH COPY 257 Jewish work: yeypa
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En« I i SEVENTH COPY 259 Sometimes
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En« I ii SEVENTH COPY 261 Only E t
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En8 I iii SEVENTH COPY 263 L. 23. I
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En« I iv SEVENTH COPY 265 m*'; L.
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En8 I iv SEVENTH COPY 267 wicked, a
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En* I V SEVENTH COPY 269 constitute
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Enîv SEVENTH COPY 271 The text of
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF ENOCH (4QE
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 275 thir
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THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 277 Than
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Enastr* 7 i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC C
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Page 300 and 301: Enastrîii CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
Page 302 and 303: Enastr
Page 304 and 305: Enasti*23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 306 and 307: Enastr^23 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 308 and 309: Enastrâs CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 310 and 311: Enastr*'28 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
Page 312 and 313: Enastr
Page 314 and 315: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299 complete
Page 316 and 317: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 301 *[.,.] ^
Page 318 and 319: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 303 Here the
Page 320 and 321: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 305 At line
Page 322 and 323: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 307 east, be
Page 324 and 325: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 309 {page 2)
Page 326 and 327: EnGiants* i, 2, 3 FIRST COPY 311 4Q
Page 328 and 329: EnGiants»7 FIRST COPY 313 xiî min
Page 330 and 331: EnGiants* 8 FIRST COPY 315 pD"? Kin
Page 332 and 333: EnGiants* ii, 12, 13 FIRST COPY 317
Page 334 and 335: LATER HISTORY 319 the cursing of th
Page 336 and 337: LATER HISTORY 321 and *Aza'el, to w
Page 338 and 339: LATER HISTORY 323 e D F E aasrna Ki
Page 340 and 341: LATER HISTORY 325 .aVirn annn^ Kin
Page 342 and 343: LATER HISTORY 327 Translation of th
Page 344 and 345: LATER HISTORY 329 every (sin) with
Page 348 and 349: LATER HISTORY 333 The narrative of
Page 350 and 351: LATER HISTORY 335 '^[. . .] and the
Page 352 and 353: LATER HISTORY 337 subject of the Wa
Page 354 and 355: LATER HISTORY 339 information discu
Page 356 and 357: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 34X miz?
Page 358 and 359: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 343 ] ia-i
Page 360 and 361: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 345 24 vac
Page 362 and 363: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 347 2 I la
Page 364 and 365: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 349 x-'lot
Page 366 and 367: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 351 I xii
Page 368 and 369: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION T * » r ]
Page 370 and 371: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 355 n -jDi
Page 372 and 373: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 357 I xxvi
Page 374 and 375: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION ntrs7 inY?
Page 376 and 377: DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 361 nas2 p
Page 378 and 379: ADDENDUM TO P. 106 rfj KvpcaKfj TTp
Page 380 and 381: INDEXES Passages of Enoch preserved
Page 382 and 383: GLOSSARIES Aramaic-Greek-Ethiopic G
Page 384 and 385: ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 369
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ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 381
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GREEK-ARAMAIC iv: \ (bnp) p , bv; c
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GREEK-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY rptjSo): ppl
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'amed: IIDS; 'arah: lira *araya\ ID
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maki'ibtt: mali'ak: TV, tr?np, pi m
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ETHIOPIC-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY 407 tiwle
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INDEX OF QUOTATIONS, TEXTS, AND MAN
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GENERAL INDEX Aalen, A., 72 Aaron,
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Bardy, G., 19, nS Bar-Lamek, 31, 34
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GENERAL INDEX 431 Enoch, passim; or
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GENERAL INDEX 433 Haurvatdt 'Integr
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Mapar'elf 12th fallen angel, 150-1,
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Salmanassar, 254 Sdniy Middle Persi
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GENERAL INDEX 439 vocabulary, words
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The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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