The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

3i6 THE BOOK OF GIANTS EnGiants* 9 and lo
L. 5. The epithet X5?''lp1 certainly does not refer to Enoch and probably not to God either,
but to an angel, 'the Watcher and the Holy One' (see above, p. 144, note to En^ i i 3), who no
doubt dictated to Enoch the text of his Epistle.
L. 6. Epistolary formula of introduction, well known from the texts of the Second Jewish
War, e.g. DJD ii, p. 156 (Mur 42 2-3).
L. 9. Prostitution of the Watchers who defiled themselves with women. En. 7: i; 8: 2; 9: 8;
etc. The giants are 'sons of prostitution', En. 10: 9 (cf. En^ i iv 5).
LI. 9-11. Supplements exempli gratia^ in line with En. 7: 6 (En* i iii 22); 8: 4 (En* i iv 5-6
andEn^ i iii 5-6); 9: 2-3 (En* i iv9-ii andEn^ i iii 9-11); 9:10; 22: 5 (En® i xxii 4-5 and 7);
a passage of 4QGiantsb quoted above, p. 230.
L. 12. The archangel Raphael was charged by God to bind 'A^a'el hand and foot, and to
heal the earth which the angels had corrupted. En. 10: 4-8. Note the word-play on the double
meaning of the verb rafa\ 'to tie' and 'to heal'; it appears already in the Ugaritic poems on the
subject of Repha'im. In the Manichaean Book of Giants, Raphael is the conqueror of 'Ohyah
(above, p. 299) and, without doubt, of all the other giants and of their sons. According to the
same work all four archangels were engaged in the struggle with the two hundred Watchers
and their offspring: 'and those two hundred demons fought a hard battle with the four angels,
until the angels used fire, naphtha, and brimstone ...' (Henning, p. 69). The names of the four
archangels recur frequently in the Manichaean prayers and amulets: rzvp'yly myxyly ghr^yU
sryi (Henning, p. 54); myxyi, rwfyl^ ghr*yl (Henning, BSOAS xii (1947-8), 40); myhyi,
sr*yly rwfylj gbr*yl (ibid., p. 50). Note that Manichaean tradition, drawing on the Book of
Giants, preserved the name of the archangel Cartel more faithfully than Greek and Ethiopic
tradition (cf. above, pp. 172-4).
LI. 12-13. There doubtless came here the enumeration of living beings 'which are found on the
face of heaven, on the earth, in the deserts, and in the sea'; cf. En. 7: 5 (En» 1 iii 19-21 and
En^ I ii 23-5).
L. 14. The Watchers seem to be already chained up by the angels; in order to be able to pray,
to lift their arms in the gesture of suppliants, they have to have their bonds loosened.
4QEnGiants' 9 and 10 (PI. XXXII)
lo 9
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vacat Dl o [