The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299
complete, through Aramaic fragments of the Book of Enoch coming from
Cave 4 of Qumran and published above, pp. 150-60.
The Book of Watchers speaks only in generic terms of the progeny of the
Sons of Heaven and the Daughters of Man, the giants (K^'^Dl) and the
nephilim (K*'^*'D3), (En. 7: 2-5; 9: 9-11; 10: 9-15; etc.). The Book of Giants,
on the other hand, gave personal names to the sons of the Watchers, related
their exploits with a profusion of detail, and finally foretold their future
extermination by the waters of the flood and by eternal fire.
A Sogdian text, in a chapter entitled 'The Coming of the two hundred
Demons {^8w C 8ywty)\ relates briefly the teaching activity of the Watchers
and mentions by name the two sons of the chief of the two hundred angels
(Henning, loc. cit., pp. 69-70):
\ . . and what they had seen in the heavens among the gods, and also what
they had seen in hell, their native land, and furthermore what they had seen
on earth,—all that they began to teach to men [cf. En. 7: i; 8: 1-3; 9: 6-7;
10: 7-8].
'To §ahmizad (symyz^ty) two( ?) sons were borne by . . . One of them he
named 'Ohya ([Vyjjy'); in Sogdian he is called ''Sahm, the giant" {s'ym
kw^y). And again a second son [was born] to him. He named him 'Ahya
{'yy); its Sogdian (equivalent) is *Tat-Sahm" (p'ts'ym). As for the remaining
giants, they were born to the other demons and Yaksas {Sywty ZYyksysty).^
In the name of the father Henning recognized without difficulty Zc/xta^a?,
the name of the chief of the Watchers according to En. 6: 7, T\1W72V) in
4QEn (above, p. 152), Smhyz* on a Manichaean magical bowl (J. A. Montgomery,
Journal of the American Oriental Societyy 32 (1912), 435 and pi. I,
line 9). The name of his first son recurs in the title of a heretical work
condemned by the Gelasian Decree, Liber de Ogiagigante qui post (read ante)
diluvium cum dracone ah hereticis pugnasse perhibetur apocryphus. Here then
is a precious piece of evidence for the existence of a Latin version of the
Manichaean Book of Giants. Thanks to a Parthian fragment, we know the
name of this dragon: '(the fight in which) 'Ohya, Leviathan, and Raphael
{^why^ IwyHyn ^wd rwfyl; in a second copy of the same text ^hy') lacerated
each other, and they vanished' (Henning, pp. 71-2). In Middle Persian the
names of the two brothers are written 'why' and 'hy' (Henning, pp. 57
and 61).
As is well known, the Manichaean missionaries, in translating the religious
works of their founder and his disciples into numerous languages of three