The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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SEVENTH COPY 255 to quote here (along with my restorations) some phrases from 4Q390, which is probably another copy of the same pseudo-Ezekiel. The author of this text, like the author of the Testament of Levi in Aramaic, is primarily interested in the destinies of the Aaronic priesthood. The repeated transgressions of the Sons of Aaron deliver them up automatically into the power of the wicked angels: maDBân ^DN'?^ nann t>m^ 390 I 11; ^DX'pa T2 •na t>m^ maDuân 2 i 7; Dna '7S7^'?3 n'raâa ''n[n]i 2 i 4. The beginning of the reckoning of the ten jubilees coincides with the 'destruction of the Land', in all probability the fall of the kingdom of Judah: ''S7''32?n yiKTl ]3in^ I 7-8 determinative of the era, as is usual in the dates of documents). The jubilees are divided into weeks of years, again as in the Testament of Levi. Thus in 2 i 4: Xinn b2V[2 lUH U^W 171212?, 'a Week of years in this jubilee'; in 2 i 6: D''S732? ITl^y 'two Weeks' (and not 'seventy years'; defective form of dual s'bu'ainiy as in Lev. 12: 5; cf. fS722?, plural, in Ens i iv 25); in i 2-3: [Xinn ] 7]W 0^X722; [0^22? ]l]nnX ''32 T'pf n[an]2 pnnX ''32 1^2?ai, '(power win pass) into the hands of the Sons of Aaron during [two] Weeks of years (and not 'seventy years') [in this jubilee] and the Sons of Aaron will have dominion over them (sc. over Israel)'. A similar era of ten jubilees, whatever its point of departure, is referred to by the author of a Qumran pesher, ^ the interest of which is centred on the person of Melchisedek regarded as 'himmlische Erlosergestalt'. At line 7 of the fragment we find 'the first Week of the jubilee, after nine jubilees, . . . the end of the tenth jubilee'. This apocalypse of jubilees was altered in a most original way by the author of the Epistle of Enoch (En. 93: 3-10+91: 11-17 and 4QEn» i iii 23-5 and iv 11-26). He replaces the ten jubilees by the ten weeks of years and compresses the history of the world, starting from Adam, into seven Weeks, hence into one complete jubilee, no doubt drawing on the jubilee of jubilees which includes the sacred history from Adam up to the revelation at Sinai, according to the author of the book of Jubilees. A great theological innovation made by our Enochic author, in line with the thinking of the writer of the Book of Dreams, and one which was to be exploited later by Christian thinkers, is the idea of progressive development applied to the eschatological era; it is subdivided into three Weeks. No serious evidence exists to disprove that the author of this apocalypse of Weeks is the same * Edited by A. S. Van Der Woude, Oudtesta- see Milik, Journal of Jewish Studies, xxiii mentische Studien, xiv (1965), 354-73, pls. 1-2; (1972), 96-109.
256 THE BOOKS OF ENOCH author as composed the rest of the Epistle, towards the end of the second century or at the beginning of the first century B.C. A small fragment from Cave 4 at Qumran seems to belong to a kind of commentary to the Apocalypse of Weeks in the Epistle of Enoch. Here is the transcription and some notes to this isolated fragment (dating from the beginning of the Herodian period), which in my edition will be designated 4Q247: ] PKNRP ] miiT ^'â n ^ h s XY)I D^^nD [^]'?a [ ]KMn[ M L. 2.1 restore K\T mnxai in line with "Tan SlStt? Dip'' TllT)2 ]ai in 4QEn8 i iv 15 (En 91: 12). L. 3. Date of the construction of the temple of Solomon according to the text of i Kings 6: i: 7]W2 ansa y^nxa "pHim nxs"? NW nixa smxi NW ••'iiat&a •'n^'i MN*'^ man ]T^ ^xntt?^ naû? ^â^... ms'ânn; cf. En. 93:7. The second part of line 2, and line 3 of our fragment was worded approximately as follows: ailH ma]iî& mxa ymxp ••'aiaiz? DÎB? ansa ^nxa 'jKna?'' •'32 nxsa IDIO DS71 n"'2n (rather than n32^) n32 '?i
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH ARAMAIC FRAGMENT
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PREFACE THE year 1971 was the 150th
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PREFACE vii effectively preserved o
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X CONTENTS THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF
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ABBREVIATIONS C Cairo papyrus 10759
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ABBREVIATIONS SC Sources chretienne
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INTRODUCTION THE main purpose of th
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 5 The destru
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ARAMAIC BOOKS OF ENOCH 7 acknowledg
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 9 (r^v aarpoX
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK ii as it may,
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 13 The origin
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 15 On the oth
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 17 FIG. 2. Th
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 19 The charac
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THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK 21 surely be
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 23 ''ID 'many'
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 25 showed him
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS a? We can read
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 29 to men'; 'M
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 31 that 'la tr
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 33 The dwolUng
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 35 bill of ind
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 37 towards Beq
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 39 and hence i
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THE BOOK OF WATCHERS 41 Astronomica
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 43 At the beginn
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THE BOOK OF DREAMS 45 angels and th
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 47 (Xn''3; En.
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 49 was to surv
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 51 ear to ever
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH S3 world of me
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THE EPISTLE OF ENOCH 55 the last ex
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THE BOOK OF GIANTS 57 ceding text b
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(59) ENOCHIC WRITINGS AND ESSENE FR
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ENOCHIC W R I T I N G S A N D E S S
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I ST year 2 Delayah 3 Me'ozyah 4 Yo
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THE GREEK VERSION 71 blank leaf, th
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THE GREEK VERSION 73 Quite recently
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THE GREEK VERSION 75 hand of this m
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THE GREEK VERSION 77 fought (above,
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THE LATIN, COPTIC, AND SYRIAC TRANS
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 85 y. Mu
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THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH 87 61: 6
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CHAPTER III WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO ENO
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 91 of the just
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 93 Titans, Gia
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 95 'Again he w
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THE BOOK OF PARABLES 97 Coptic Enoc
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS 99
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THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS loi
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 109 Christian, t
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH in and give a ca
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 113 pp. 40-1) an
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THE SLAVONIC ENOCH 115 Methuselah,
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THE MIDDLE AGES 117 defeat of the A
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THE MIDDLE AGES 119 During his visi
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THE MIDDLE AGES 121 riiiipais avTiK
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THE MIDDLE AGES 123 A rich iconogra
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(125) ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATU
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ENOCH IN CABBALISTIC LITERATURE 127
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THE BOOKS OF ENOCH FIRST COPY (4QEn
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En» I i FIRST COPY 141 form is 'Ap
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En* I i FIRST COPY 143 The text of
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En* I i-ii FIRST COPY 145 phrase iv
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En» I ii FIRST COPY 147 (consider)
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En* I ii FIRST COPY 149 LI. 9/10. A
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 151 [« Ând t
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En* I iii FIRST COPY 153 4QEN ». b
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EnMiii FIRST COPY 155 (b) In this c
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En* I iii-iv FIRST COPY 157 L. 15.
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En* I IV FIRST COPY 159 LI. 1-5 (En
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En* I iv-v FIRST COPY i6i of the de
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En» I vi FIRST COPY 163 [. . . 2Â
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En^ I i-ii SECOND COPY 165 He: n**^
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En" I ii SECOND COPY ^ 167 [xnnxi B
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En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169 iToi€LV
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En" 1 iii SECOND COPY 171 Koam NX'?
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En^ I iii SECOND COPY 173 19:1; 21:
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En^ I iii-iv SECOND COPY 175 L. 16.
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En^ I vi SECOND COPY 177 I find a r
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THIRD COPY 179 The arrangement of t
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THIRD COPY i8i The etymological Ale
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THIRD COPY 183 Remember, however, t
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En
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En^ I i THIRD COPY 187 L. 19. The p
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En'^ I V THIRD COPY 189 [« 7And] t
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En ]irm. With the expression *f ^31
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En« I vi THIRD COPY 193 lâ*'? n ]
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En^îvi THIRD COPY 195 on [sitting
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En'îvi THIRD COPY 197 L. 6. Note t
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En 5- L. 24. For see En^ 1 xi 6. LI
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En
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En'îxiii THIRD COPY 203 KoX rwv) d
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Page 222 and 223: En^Si THIRD COPY 207 ]ir)[2x n n^^s
Page 224 and 225: En^sii THIRD COPY 209 before ws epe
Page 226 and 227: En«5ii THIRD COPY 211 The identifi
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Page 230 and 231: En«5ii THIRD COPY 215 ÎdpeO Kard^
Page 232 and 233: En
Page 234 and 235: End I xi FOURTH COPY 219 preceding
Page 236 and 237: End I xii FOURTH COPY 221 xniD r\Db
Page 238 and 239: End2ii FOURTH COPY 223 [. . . "And
Page 240 and 241: En^zm FOURTH COPY 225 in Dan. 8:4;
Page 242 and 243: FIFTH COPY 227 Just as with the scr
Page 244 and 245: EnMxxii FIFTH COPY 229 L. 2. The le
Page 246 and 247: EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 231 {avTTwv C),
Page 248 and 249: EnMxxvi FIFTH COPY 233 Paraphrasing
Page 250 and 251: En'ixxvii FIFTH COPY 235 -[laK ] 4-
Page 252 and 253: En* 2 and 3 FIFTH COPY 237 [ ]x2n s
Page 254 and 255: En«4i FIFTH COPY 239 [and perishin
Page 256 and 257: En«4ii FIFTH COPY 241 [xmn Kmn KHV
Page 258 and 259: En* 4 iii FIFTH COPY 243 oppressed
Page 260 and 261: En^ I SIXTH COPY 245 in n^'na'? man
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Page 264 and 265: SEVENTH COPY 249 4Q180 I margin [ni
Page 266 and 267: SEVENTH COPY 251 Lines 1-5 of 181 2
Page 268 and 269: SEVENTH COPY 253 of the Greek versi
Page 272 and 273: SEVENTH COPY 257 Jewish work: yeypa
Page 274 and 275: En« I i SEVENTH COPY 259 Sometimes
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Page 278 and 279: En8 I iii SEVENTH COPY 263 L. 23. I
Page 280 and 281: En« I iv SEVENTH COPY 265 m*'; L.
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Page 284 and 285: En* I V SEVENTH COPY 269 constitute
Page 286 and 287: Enîv SEVENTH COPY 271 The text of
Page 288 and 289: THE ASTRONOMICAL BOOK OF ENOCH (4QE
Page 290 and 291: THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 275 thir
Page 292 and 293: THE SYNCHRONISTIC CALENDAR 277 Than
Page 294 and 295: Enastr* 7 i-iii THE SYNCHRONISTIC C
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Page 300 and 301: Enastrîii CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
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Page 308 and 309: Enastrâs CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-9
Page 310 and 311: Enastr*'28 CORRESPONDING TO EN. 76-
Page 312 and 313: Enastr
Page 314 and 315: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 299 complete
Page 316 and 317: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 301 *[.,.] ^
Page 318 and 319: PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 303 Here the
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 305 At line
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 307 east, be
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PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTION 309 {page 2)
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EnGiants* i, 2, 3 FIRST COPY 311 4Q
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EnGiants»7 FIRST COPY 313 xiî min
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EnGiants* 8 FIRST COPY 315 pD"? Kin
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EnGiants* ii, 12, 13 FIRST COPY 317
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LATER HISTORY 319 the cursing of th
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LATER HISTORY 321 and *Aza'el, to w
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LATER HISTORY 323 e D F E aasrna Ki
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LATER HISTORY 325 .aVirn annn^ Kin
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LATER HISTORY 327 Translation of th
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LATER HISTORY 329 every (sin) with
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LATER HISTORY 33i Grunbaum {Ges. Au
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LATER HISTORY 333 The narrative of
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LATER HISTORY 335 '^[. . .] and the
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LATER HISTORY 337 subject of the Wa
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LATER HISTORY 339 information discu
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 34X miz?
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 343 ] ia-i
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 345 24 vac
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 347 2 I la
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 349 x-'lot
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 351 I xii
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION T * » r ]
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 355 n -jDi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 357 I xxvi
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION ntrs7 inY?
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DIPLOMATIC TRANSCRIPTION 361 nas2 p
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ADDENDUM TO P. 106 rfj KvpcaKfj TTp
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INDEXES Passages of Enoch preserved
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GLOSSARIES Aramaic-Greek-Ethiopic G
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ARAMAIC-GREEK-ETHIOPIC GLOSSARY 369
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GREEK-ARAMAIC iv: \ (bnp) p , bv; c
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GREEK-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY rptjSo): ppl
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'amed: IIDS; 'arah: lira *araya\ ID
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maki'ibtt: mali'ak: TV, tr?np, pi m
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ETHIOPIC-ARAMAIC GLOSSARY 407 tiwle
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INDEX OF QUOTATIONS, TEXTS, AND MAN
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GENERAL INDEX Aalen, A., 72 Aaron,
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Bardy, G., 19, nS Bar-Lamek, 31, 34
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GENERAL INDEX 431 Enoch, passim; or
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GENERAL INDEX 433 Haurvatdt 'Integr
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Mapar'elf 12th fallen angel, 150-1,
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Salmanassar, 254 Sdniy Middle Persi
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GENERAL INDEX 439 vocabulary, words
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The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

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