The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

174 THE BOOKS OF ENOCH En^ i iii
Noah as a remote ancestor of the Chosen People is warned and instructed by an angel bearing
the name of the eponymous ancestor of the sons of Israel. According to the Prayer of Joseph
quoted frequently by Origen, ^laparjX is the first archangel; Jacob, man and angel, fights with
OvpirjXy who is eighth after Israel; cf. A.-M. Denis, Psetideptgrapha V.T. Graece, iii. z (1970),
61; James, The Lost Apocrypha of the O.T., 1936, pp. 21-31. To the several attestations of this
passage I add an implicit reference in Origen, Horn, in Num. xi 4 (ed. W. A. Baehrens, GCS
30, 1921, p. 83, 19-20; cf. p. 85, 2-4): *Nomen enim Istrahel pervenit usque ad angelicos
ordines.'
In conclusion, we may affirm that as early as the Persian period (the probable date of En.
6-19; above, pp. 28-31) Israelites beUeved in the existence of four archangels whose names
and order were: Mtka'el ('Who is as God?'), iSarfel (Trince of God'), Rafa'el ('(Chief of)
Repha'im of God'), Gfl^f^/('Strength of God'); En. 9: i = 4QEnb i iii In our Qumran
manuscript, two of them, Raphael and Michael, appear in Une 13 (a mention lost in Greek and
E, at the beginning of En. 9:4). In an ascending, and different, sequence they appear in En. 10:
Sariel, Raphael, Gabriel, Michael; in this order they are also known in the Christian writings.
In the list of the seven archangels (which dates from the third century b.c.; above, pp. 25-8)
they come in the following order: Raphael (in the second place), Michael (fourth), Sariel (fifth),
and Gabriel (seventh).
LI. i i-i2 (end of En. 9: 3). I restore this stichos, which is made up of two parallel phrases, the
second of which is overloaded, in line with S (En. 9:3; same passage in S', but under En. 8:4):
ElaaydyeTe rrjv KpiGiv rjpLwv vpos rov "^YipiGTov, Kal TTJV dncoXeiav 'qpuov ivamiov rfjs So^rjs rrjs
pLeyaXcoavvrjs {pLeydXrjs S'), ivwmov rov KvpLov rtov Kvplcov navrcov rfj pL€yaX