The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

En^ I ii SECOND COPY 169
iToi€LV fiaxaipas Kal BiLpaKas S, plus a gloss koX irdv gk€vos iroXepLiKov, In C, after puax^pas ttoiclv,
there are added two other terms, koI onXa koI daireihas,
and after 6a>paKas one reads STSAY/XARA
dyydXcov which was, in a Greek manuscript, the title of the passage En. 8: 1-3, inserted in
the text through carelessness. E has 'swords and knives and shields and breastplates', *asyifit
wamatdbiMt wawaltd wadM'a ^^gMe*dy more or less equivalent to C. The versions omit any
mention of the metal from which the swords are made, ^T^D
But compare a reference to
our text which is found in the Book of Adam and Eve: 'Genun . . . took iron and with it made
weapons of war' (quoted by Charles, ii, p. xcv). The law of parallelism demands that the
mention of 'iron' should be followed by a reference to 'copper', just as in line 27 one reads of
'gold' and of 'silver'. Actually, the minute fragment 0 contains a part of B?n3, 'copper'.
A reference to this whole passage is found in the Clementine Homilies, viii 12-18 (quoted by
Charles, ii, p. Ixxxviii):. . . €/C pLerdXXcov dvOrj, ;(pv(TOV, ^CTA/COV, dpyvpov, alSrjpov . . . CRT Se xp^f^ov
Kal dpyvpov
Kal tcjv opiolcDV ^VCRTV.
LI. 26-7. [nDn]n*' Xa ]in^ [K^'inSI], word for word 'and he showed them what is dug
out', was translated in C faithfully, where the sense is concerned, by koI xmiSi^ev avrots rd
fjLcraXXa {p^cydXa MS.); S has only Kal rd pudraXXa and adds ttjs yfjs. The Ethiopic translator did
not know the meaning of this noun and took it for ra puer
rendering it approximately by za'imdehrehomu
OAAA 'those after other (things)',
'what is after them'; another copyist added
in the margin a transcription of ra /XCVAAAA, which, corrupted, was later inserted at the
end of verse 8: i: {wd}tawldta
nudaverunt' in De cultu fem, i 2 (above, p. 78).
'dlatn. For this expression cf. TertuUian: 'Metallorum opera
The author of our book of Enoch apparently did not know any noun denominating 'metals'
and expressed it by a relative clause 'that which is dug out (of the earth)'. Similarly in Syriac
passive forms of hfr are used for 'extracting metals', and the passive noun met^f^rdnd
'metals'. Note moreover that in line 27 of En^
means
is used in a relative indefinite function, just
as in the next clause (line 27a) and before, in line 25b. On this syntactical feature of the interrogative
forms in later Aramaic dialects, see Dalman, Grammatiky p. 118 § 18, 3 end.
TTll]
LI. 27 and 27a (first interlinear addition). In the proposition XSH]! ]n!lS7p
XIIDD mnS7[a'? the scribe made an omission by homoeoarcton, XnDO< • . . XZD),
immediately corrected by himself above the line. S alone preserves this phrase, but completely
rearranged: Kal to xp^^f'OV ttcos ipydGOjvrai Kal TToirjocjaiv avrd Koapua rats yvvai^l. The
original Greek wording was rather: Kal ttws epydoiovrai
to XP^