The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

EnMiii FIRST COPY 155
(b) In this column each proper name has two forms: that of En. 6: 7 and below it that of
69; 2; I have selected the readings which are closest to Greek and Aramaic forms. The two
Ethiopic lists derive from a Greek archetype of C, but the author of the Book of Parables had
to hand a Greek manuscript of the book of Enoch which was less corrupt than C.
(c) This name turns up in the Jewish and Manichaean Book of Giants, and in the Mishnaic
medieval summary of it, as well; see below, pp. 315, 299, and 322.
(d) This transcription corresponds to nD*'J7NS7NM, *the earth is powerful', while that in S
reflects ^Ipn^^K (equivalent to ^pDi^nX of the Aramaic original, except for the defective
spelling). Instead of assuming the existence of two Greek versions deriving from two different
Aramaic manuscripts, I prefer the hypothesis that a scribe, Jewish or Christian, but conversant
with Aramaic, reworked the transcriptions in terms of his linguistic knowledge and of his own
angelological ideas.
(e) The reading [^KJDQT in En^is certain, although the Teth is a little damaged; the transcriptions
presuppose, however, the reading
in the Aramaic manuscript used by the
author of the Greek version. I suggest that it is the pan-semitic root rm4 (in Arabic, *to burn, to
set fire to, to roast on stones heated on the fire'), that is in question, which has given us the
Syriac r^mu'd and rum*dnd d^nurd, *ignis sub cinere reconditus', the Mishnaic and the Judaeo-
Aramaic *heisse Asche legen', and XSDn, 'gliihende Asche'. On the oscillation
of the consonants, *, / in Palmyrene (e.g. V^w, rt\ \ r'wn all deriving from r4w *to love')
see Milik, Recherches d^dpigraphie proche-orientale, i, pp. 48-9. The proper name Ramfelj
Ram*^el refers without doubt to the volcanic activities of the earth's crust: 'Burning (stones
and ashes) of God.'
(/) The initial Alpha of this name perhaps first belonged at the end of the preceding
name; a superfluous final Alpha often occurs in the transcriptions of Semitic words which end
in a consonant.
{g) For this name see pp. 20 and 159.
{h) In an archetype of the Syncellus list the seventh name had been omitted; consequently
a marginal correction of the fifteenth name, UafiirjXy was squeezed in there, viz. Uafufjix (read
Uafiipi(7jyX or else 2'A/X^T+insertion mark). A similar process is found again at the tenth name
in Syncellus: A^aX had been corrected in the margin by 'insertion mark+^^A', and a scribe
rewrote this emendation into the text in the form IL^AA^T^A.
(/) For this name see above, p. 29.
(j) This name was written defectively in the Aramaic manuscript of the Greek translator as
^X*'pT, whence the S form. The orthography of C, 'J^^C/CTIJA, is a transformation of the name
ZaKi-qXy made under the influence of the name of the prophet, rather than evidence of a second
Greek version based on a manuscript which may have had here the form ^S''j?*'T; cf. above,
note d. The meaning of the word Kp**? is not quite clear. In En. 14: 8 =
appears together with
En