The Books of Enoch, Aramaic Fragments of Qumran Cave 4

En» I i FIRST COPY 141
form is 'Aphel: IQ^nK iii 3 and 5; plK iv 6; imperfect of the causative:
}3QV i 6; similarly, the initial Aleph is used in the reflexive forms with -t-:
n*'^aDK iv 8. The third person plural feminine of the perfect has the ininflexional
ending -a: H^'in iii 16; the same person in the imperfect ends
with -an: ii 15. Note that the preformative is already that of the
masculine form3;/- and not ti-y while the Palmyrene keeps the form tiqt'ldn:
pnn in an inscription dated June A.D. 73.^ For these forms in the Byzantine
and Medieval Judaeo-Aramaic dialects, see Dalman's Grammaty pp. 255
and 266. The form of the perfect is attested once in the Genesis Apocryphon:
V3±}W iQGenAp xxii 28.2
So far as the vocabulary is concerned, note several expressions relating
to magic and astrology in iv 1-4 and in particular the names of the fallen
angels and of the archangels in iii 5-13 and [23] and iv 1-6; in addition,
riD^a 'counsel, decision' iii 2, pT 'mysteries' iv 5.
4QEn* seems to have been made from a very old copy, dating from the
third century at the very least; note in this connection the instances of strictly
consonantal orthography, as '^IPI in i i, and also a confusion in the forms of
letters: a Pe in the archetype has been read by error as a Yod, hence DVH
instead of 0133 in ii 13. Elsewhere several orthographical and phonetic
features have quite late characteristics, in particular instead of ''lY'X K^;
4QEn* is perhaps a school-exercise, copied by a young scribe from the
master's dictation. Without insisting too much on its date, or that of its
archetype, it seems to me highly probable that this first copy of Enoch, as
also 4QEn^ (see below, p. 165), contained only the first part of the book
of Enoch, corresponding to chapters 1-36 of the Ethiopic Enoch.
In addition to the large group of fragments labelled i i-vi, there are seven
little unidentified fragments, 4QEn* 2 to 8. For i i-iii, especially for the
large fragment containing columns ii-iii, another good photograph is
PAM 42. 227.
4QEnMi—En. 1:1-6 (PI. I)
* Ed. Chr. Dimant, Le sanctuaire de BaaU GLECS, vii (1954-7), 77-
shamin d Palmyre, iii. Inscriptions, 1971, p. 37, * See the remarks of Kutscher, pp. lo-ii
no. 24, 3; cf. A. Caquot, Comptes rendus du and note 48, p. 13 note 65, p. 34 Appendix 2.