A Brief Introduction to Space Plasma Physics.pdf - Institute of ...

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– Other frequently used distribution functions. • The bi-Maxwellian distribution ⎡ 1 r r ms v − u ' 2 f ( ) = ⎢ s , v As exp − ⎢ kT ⎣ s – where s s s ⎜ s s ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ – It is useful when there is a difference between the distributions perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field • The kappa distribution f s r ' A r ( r, v) = A Κ characterizes the departure from Maxwellian form. – E Ts is an energy. κs ⎡ ⎢1 + ⎣ 2 ( ) ⎤ r r ⎡ 1 2 ( ) ⎤ ⎥⎦ 1 2 m s ⎥ exp⎢− ⎥ ⎦ ⎣ ( v − u ) sκ Ts s − u – At high energies E>>κE Ts it falls off more slowly than a Maxwellian (similar to a power law) κ → ∞ ⎛ ⎜T 3 2 = A T ⊥ T 1 2 ⎞ ⎟ – For it becomes a Maxwellian with temperature kT=E Ts r E r 2 2 ⎤ ⎥ ⎦ m s v −κ −1 ⊥ kT ⊥s ⊥s
• What makes an ionized gas a plasma? – The electrostatic potential of an isolated ion ϕ = q 4πε 0 r – The electrons in the gas will be attracted to the ion and will reduce the potential at large distances. – If we assume neutrality Poisson’s equation around a test charge q 0 is ∇ – Expanding in a Taylor series for r>0 and for both – ϕ r − ρ q ⎡ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎤ 0 3 en0 eϕ − eϕ ( ) = = − δ ( r ) + exp⎜ ⎟ − exp⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎦ 2 r ε 0 electrons and ions ∇ ϕ r 2 ε 0 en ⎡ ⎢ ε 0 ⎣ eϕ kT ε 0 ⎢ ⎣ eϕ ⎤ ⎥ kTion ⎦ ⎜ ⎝ kT ⎟ ⎠ eϕ kT ⎜ ⎝ e kT ion
Page 1 and 2: ESS 200C - Space Plasma Physics Win
Page 3 and 4: Space Plasma Physics • Space phys
Page 5 and 6: - Galileo theorized that aurora is
Page 7 and 8: The Plasma State • A plasma is an
Page 9 and 10: • B acts to change the motion of
Page 11: • The electric field can modify t
Page 14 and 15: • The change in the direction of
Page 16 and 17: • Maxwell’s equations - Poisson
Page 18 and 19: • Maxwell’s equations in integr
Page 20 and 21: • For a coordinate in which the m
Page 22 and 23: B r • The force is along and away
Page 24: - As particles bounce they will dri
Page 27 and 28: The Properties of a Plasma • A pl
Page 29: • For monatomic particles in equi
Page 34 and 35: • The plasma frequency - Consider
Page 36 and 37: • A note on conservation laws - C
Page 38 and 39: - Momentum equation r ∂us r r r r
Page 40 and 41: • Energy equation ∂ ( ∂t 1 2
Page 43 and 44: - Often the last terms on the right
Page 45 and 46: F B • Magnetic pressure and tensi
Page 47 and 48: •Some elementary wave concepts -F
Page 49 and 50: • When the dispersion relation sh
Page 51 and 52: - Incompressible Alfvén waves •
Page 53 and 54: 1 2 2 C ⎛ B ⎞ A ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ µ
Page 55 and 56: - Continuity - Momentum - Equation
Page 57 and 58: • The fluid velocity must be alon
Page 59: - Arbitrary angle between k r and B

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