A Brief Introduction to Space Plasma Physics.pdf - Institute of ...
A Brief Introduction to Space Plasma Physics.pdf - Institute of ... A Brief Introduction to Space Plasma Physics.pdf - Institute of ...
• Maxwell’s equations in integral form r 1 ∫ E ⋅ ndA ˆ = ∫ ρ dV A ε 0 – A is the area, dA is the differential element of area – nˆ is a unit normal vector to dA pointing outward. – V is the volume, dV is the differential volume element ˆn ' ∫ ∫ A C r B ⋅ nd ˆ A = v r E ⋅ ds = − 0 r ∂B ∂t ' ⋅nˆ dF = − ∂Φ ∂ t – is a unit normal vector to the surface element dF in the direction given by the right hand rule for integration around C, and is magnetic flux through the surface. ds r Φ – is the differential element r around C. r r ∂E ' ∫ B ⋅ds = 2 n dF J C c ∫ ⋅ ˆ + µ 0 ∂t ∫ ∫ 1 ˆ ' ⋅n dF
• The first adiabatic invariant r ∂B r – = −∇× E says that changing B r drives E r (electromotive ∂t force). This means that the particles change energy in changing magnetic fields. – Even if the energy changes there is a quantity that remains constant provided the magnetic field changes slowly enough. – µ is called the magnetic moment. In a wire loop the magnetic moment is the current through the loop times the area. µ 1 2 2 mv = ⊥ = B – As a particle moves to a region of stronger (weaker) B it is accelerated (decelerated). const.
- Page 1 and 2: ESS 200C - Space Plasma Physics Win
- Page 3 and 4: Space Plasma Physics • Space phys
- Page 5 and 6: - Galileo theorized that aurora is
- Page 7 and 8: The Plasma State • A plasma is an
- Page 9 and 10: • B acts to change the motion of
- Page 11: • The electric field can modify t
- Page 14 and 15: • The change in the direction of
- Page 16 and 17: • Maxwell’s equations - Poisson
- Page 20 and 21: • For a coordinate in which the m
- Page 22 and 23: B r • The force is along and away
- Page 24: - As particles bounce they will dri
- Page 27 and 28: The Properties of a Plasma • A pl
- Page 29 and 30: • For monatomic particles in equi
- Page 31 and 32: • What makes an ionized gas a pla
- Page 34 and 35: • The plasma frequency - Consider
- Page 36 and 37: • A note on conservation laws - C
- Page 38 and 39: - Momentum equation r ∂us r r r r
- Page 40 and 41: • Energy equation ∂ ( ∂t 1 2
- Page 43 and 44: - Often the last terms on the right
- Page 45 and 46: F B • Magnetic pressure and tensi
- Page 47 and 48: •Some elementary wave concepts -F
- Page 49 and 50: • When the dispersion relation sh
- Page 51 and 52: - Incompressible Alfvén waves •
- Page 53 and 54: 1 2 2 C ⎛ B ⎞ A ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ µ
- Page 55 and 56: - Continuity - Momentum - Equation
- Page 57 and 58: • The fluid velocity must be alon
- Page 59: - Arbitrary angle between k r and B
• The first adiabatic invariant<br />
r<br />
∂B<br />
r<br />
– = −∇× E says that changing B r<br />
drives E r<br />
(electromotive<br />
∂t<br />
force). This means that the particles change energy in<br />
changing magnetic fields.<br />
– Even if the energy changes there is a quantity that remains<br />
constant provided the magnetic field changes slowly enough.<br />
– µ is called the magnetic moment. In a wire loop the<br />
magnetic moment is the current through the loop times the<br />
area.<br />
µ<br />
1 2<br />
2<br />
mv =<br />
⊥ =<br />
B<br />
– As a particle moves <strong>to</strong> a region <strong>of</strong> stronger (weaker) B it is<br />
accelerated (decelerated).<br />
const.
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