Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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– Had the project not occurred, the energy would have been produced by an existing or a new on-site or off-site fossil fuel fired captive power plant; – Had the project not occurred, the energy would have been produced by an existing and/or new grid-connected power plant; – Had the project not occurred, the heat produced by the project would have been produced by an existing on-site or off-site fossil-fuel boiler or by the construction of a new one. Baseline Emissions Host Country Regulation defines Baseline Scenario Collection Rate Adjustment for the Stringency of Regulation Relevant policies and regulations related to the management of landfill sites must be identified and their applicability assessed. These may include regulations and policies that require landfill gas to be captured or destroyed to achieve certain environmental or safety standards. Project participants must follow changes in relevant regulation and policies and adjust their baseline scenario accordingly at the beginning of each crediting period. If regulatory or contractual requirements do not specify the amount of methane required to be captured or flared in the absence of the project, baseline emissions should be calculated using an adjustment factor (AF). ACM0001 provides the following guidelines to estimate AF: • If the use of a specific collection and flaring system is mandated by regulations or contractual arrangements, then the ratio of the flare efficiency of that system to the flare efficiency of the system proposed by the project should be used. • In cases where a regulation or a contractual agreement mandates the capture and flaring of a certain percentage of the methane generated by the landfill site, the AF should be calculated by dividing that percentage by the assumed efficiency of the flare the project plans to use. For projects that captured landfill gas into energy or that supply natural gas to a network, a separate baseline scenario for this additional activity must be established. This type of project shall calculate the amount of fossil-fuel energy displaced by the production of energy or the supply of gas. Project Emissions Project participants shall use the latest version of the “Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane” (see Box 35). Additionally, possible CO 2 emissions resulting from combustion of other fuels than the methane recovered should be accounted as project emissions. Emission Reductions The emissions reductions achieved by projects applying ACM0001 can be divided in two categories. 86
Landfill gas capture and flaring activities Two Components: Methane Reduction from Venting and Displacement of Grid Electricity Ex ante Estimate of Baseline Emissions required Baseline Emissions Monitoring ex post through Gas flares/used Emissions reductions stemming from projects that only capture and flare the landfill gas correspond to the amount of methane destroyed/combusted by the project, minus the amount of methane that would have been destroyed/ combusted had the project not occurred, minus the emissions attributed to the energy and/or fuel consumed throughout the development and operation of the project. These include for instance emissions attributable to the use of on-site generator during the early development stage of the project, emissions stemming from the operation of the gas pumping system, and/or emissions attributable to the use of electrical power to operate the project. Project proponents should provide an ex ante estimate of the emissions that would be released from the landfill through time had the <strong>CDM</strong> project activity not occurred. Project proponents can estimate ex ante emissions using the latest version of the “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site” (see box 29). The project’s emissions reductions are measured ex post by monitoring the quantity of methane flared and gas used to produce energy when applicable, and the total quantity of methane captured. More specifically, project participants must compare the sum of the methane quantities fed to the flare(s), to the power plant(s) and to the boiler(s) with the total metered quantity of methane captured from the landfill site. The smallest value of the two is to be considered as the project’s emissions reductions. Box 29: The “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from dumping waste at a solid waste disposal site” 264 Application of First Order Decay Model for Baseline Emissions Estimate Methane emissions that would have been generated by solid waste disposed in a landfill site in the absence of the project activity are calculated using a first order decay (FOD) model. In a nutshell, the FOD model differentiates between types of waste with different decay rates and different fractions of organic carbon. In addition, it takes into account the effects of different climatic conditions and waste management practices. Once the composition and the volume of the landfill’s waste stream are assessed, the FOD model uses these parameters to estimate the yearly methane emissions that would occur in the landfill site in the absence of the project activity. The FOD model can be applied in cases where the waste that would be disposed can clearly be identified. Since the project’s baseline scenario must be reassessed at the beginning of each crediting period, several parameters in the model can be changed to account for changes in the baseline scenarios. For more information on how to apply the FOD model, please refer to the latest version of the Tool. Landfill gas capture activities to produce energy or supply gas Emission reductions from projects that capture landfill gas and produce energy (either electricity or thermal energy) or supply natural gas stem from the net amount of methane destroyed/combusted by the project plus the amount of fossil-fuel energy displaced by the production of energy or the supply of gas (in CO 2 eq.), minus the emissions attributed to the energy and/or fuel consumed by the project. If the project uses electricity for its operations and provides electricity to the grid, only the net quantity of electricity supplied to the grid should be accounted. 230 EB 26, Annex 14. 87
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
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Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
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EB Decision Making and the Role of
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While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
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Verification Regarding verification
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3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
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Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
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4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
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Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
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Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
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Page 41 and 42: Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
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Page 45 and 46: Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
Page 47 and 48: Methodological Concept Power Genera
Page 49 and 50: Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
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Page 53 and 54: Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
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Page 57 and 58: Applicability Conditions Grid has t
Page 59 and 60: Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
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Page 65 and 66: Industrial Gas Methodologies 5.3 De
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Page 75 and 76: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 77 and 78: 5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reduc
Page 79 and 80: Default Cogen Plant Efficiency 90%
Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
Page 107 and 108: • Methane used for electricity an
Page 109 and 110: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 111 and 112: or retrofit. This baseline holds fo
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Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
Page 121 and 122: • Quantity of steam diverted from
Page 123: Published by the Department for Env
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