Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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Baseline Scenario Matrix Baseline Fuel Available in Abundance Scenario Selection through Investment or Barrier Test Default Efficiency for Captive Power Plant 60% Share of Steam produced by Waste Gas is Proxy for Energy Discount due to Increase of Waste Gas Production Greenfield Projects to use average Waste Gas Production Rate as per Nameplate Default Boiler Efficiency 100% Baseline scenario and additionality: The baseline scenario is to be the most plausible of all realistic and credible alternatives to the project, which would provide output equivalent to the combined output of the all the sub-systems in the project case with fuels available at the project site. The alternatives can include several sub-systems to cover steam and power requirements and possible alternative uses of waste gas/heat/ pressure. They have to cover the three elements covered by the project boundary, which gives rise to 4 possible alternatives for the use of waste gas, 8 alternatives for electricity generation and 9 alternatives for heat generation. These alternatives are to be combined in a scenario matrix; only certain combinations are covered by the applicability conditions. The fuel used for the baseline energy provision has to be the fossil fuel with the lowest carbon emission factor available “in abundance” in the host country. Subsequently, the investment or barrier test of the latest approved version of the consolidated additionality tool is used to eliminate non-feasible options. Among the remaining alternatives, the alternative with the lowest baseline emissions is chosen as baseline scenario. Additionality is assessed using the consolidated additionality tool. Baseline emissions Under the baseline scenario where electricity and heat are generated separately in existing facilities, for each facility receiving electricity/heat, the energy received is multiplied by the applicable emissions factor from energy generation. In case of electricity supplied by an electricity grid, ACM 0002 or AMS I.D are used to determine the emissions factor. If a captive power plant is the baseline, the efficiency of the plant is to be estimated conservatively. Here, developers can choose among assumed optimal operation conditions, the higher of two power plant manufacturer nameplate efficiencies, an estimate based on load-efficiency curves or a default efficiency of 60%. The emissions derived for the baseline scenario are then multiplied by the share of electricity provided from waste gas. The share is calculated on the basis of the amount and the heat rates of fossil fuels and the waste gas used. If the heat rate of the waste gas cannot be measured, one shall measure the share of the steam provided by burning waste gas of total steam produced.. A discount factor is introduced if the quantity of waste gas generated and used in the project is higher than in the pre-project situation. The discount equals the ratio of pre-project waste gas generation (maximum reached during the 3 years before project start) to post-project waste gas generation. For new plants or plants that use waste pressure, the average waste gas/heat/ pressure generation per unit of product is calculated on basis of equipment manufacturer’s specifications. The maximum “pre-project” waste gas generation is then derived by multiplying production with that average rate. If manufacturer’s specifications are not available, an independent process expert has to provide an estimate of the average rate. For heat, an analogous approach is applied, with default boiler efficiency set at 100%. 76
Default Cogen Plant Efficiency 90% Project Emissions due to Cleaning of Waste Gas Grid Default 1300g CO 2 /kWh No Leakage Measurement of Boiler Load Efficiency Functions Goods Production If a cogeneration plant is the baseline scenario, the electricity and heat uses are added up and multiplied by the plant efficiency, estimated in the same way as described above, with the default efficiency set at 90%. Discount factors for the share of energy produced from waste gas and pre-to post project waste gas generation are applied as well. Direct fuel use or indirect fuel use due to application of steam for flaring of waste gas is also included in baseline emissions. Project emissions Project emissions are emissions due to combustion of auxiliary fuel, emissions due to consumption of electricity for cleaning of waste gas before use and other electricity use by the project plant. If electricity is supplied from the grid, a default factor of 1300 g CO 2 /kWh or ACM 0002 can be used. AMS I.D is eligible if electricity supply is less than 60 GWh. For captive power production, the default factor of 1.3 t CO 2 /MWh or the actual plant emissions factor can be used. Leakage There is no leakage calculation. Monitoring Monitoring shall be conducted on the following items: Ex ante • Waste gas produced, preferably in the last 3 years but at least for 1 year • Steam used to flare waste gas produced, preferably in the last 3 years but at least for 1 year • Boiler load-efficiency functions, if this option is chosen for baseline determination. Measurement is based on recognized standards for the measurement of the element process efficiency, such as the “British Standard Methods for Assessing the thermal performance of boilers for steam, hot water and high temperature heat transfer fluids” (BS845) and to be done for at least 10 different load levels. • Production of good which most logically relates to waste gas generation (average of last 3 years) Ex post: • Waste gas used by the project • Power generation by the project differentiated according to recipients • Heat generation by the project differentiated according to recipients • Heat rate of waste gas • Fossil fuels burned in the project and their emission factors differentiated according to fuel type • Electricity grid emission factor according to applicable methodology (ACM 0002 or AMS I.D) • Electricity consumption for gas cleaning equipment 77
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
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Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
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EB Decision Making and the Role of
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While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
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Verification Regarding verification
Page 27 and 28: 3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
Page 29 and 30: Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
Page 31 and 32: 4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
Page 33 and 34: Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
Page 35 and 36: Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
Page 37 and 38: 4.1.4 Leakage Unclear Definition of
Page 39 and 40: Top-down Methodology Development fo
Page 41 and 42: Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
Page 43 and 44: 5. Key elements and application of
Page 45 and 46: Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
Page 47 and 48: Methodological Concept Power Genera
Page 49 and 50: Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
Page 51 and 52: Build Margin Build Margin: newest P
Page 53 and 54: Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
Page 55 and 56: Project Emissions With the exceptio
Page 57 and 58: Applicability Conditions Grid has t
Page 59 and 60: Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
Page 61 and 62: Box 20: Sufficient natural gas supp
Page 63 and 64: • Option 3: The emission factor o
Page 65 and 66: Industrial Gas Methodologies 5.3 De
Page 67 and 68: No Additionality Problem Another co
Page 69 and 70: In a second step, it is tested whet
Page 71 and 72: Determination of the Emission Facto
Page 73 and 74: Baseline scenario and additionality
Page 75 and 76: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 77: 5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reduc
Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87 and 88: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 89 and 90: Landfill gas capture and flaring ac
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
Page 107 and 108: • Methane used for electricity an
Page 109 and 110: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 111 and 112: or retrofit. This baseline holds fo
Page 113 and 114: • For biomass-fired projects, a s
Page 115 and 116: A handful of projects have submitte
Page 117 and 118: Submission of further Baseline Scen
Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
Page 121 and 122: • Quantity of steam diverted from
Page 123: Published by the Department for Env
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