Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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Box 28: Determination of baseline emission factor after project registration Baseline Emission Factor can be determined and fixed after Project Registration With any methodology other than AM0034 baseline emission factors that are fixed throughout the crediting period need to be established before registration. Projects using AM0034 are so far the only projects where the baseline emission factor can be established by measurements after the project registration and is then fixed. This development has been triggered by project proponents that lobbied for this approach. The idea was to achieve registration before the end of the baseline campaign (which can take from 3-6 months) and have early investment certainty. The DOE can then verify the baseline campaign results during initial or first verification. Ex post • N 2 O concentration in the stack gas • Volume flow rate of the stack gas • Pressure of the stack gas • Temperature of the stack gas • Length of the baseline campaign • Nitric acid production • Oxidation temperature and pressure and its normal range • Campaign length • Ammonia to gas flow rates and ammonia to air ration in the reactor • Overall uncertainty of the monitoring system (combined uncertainty of all monitoring equipment) • Gauze supplier and composition • Regulations on N 2 O emission threshold, if any 5.4 Energy efficiency 5.4.1 <strong>Methodologies</strong> analyzed Large Scale Large Scale Large Scale Small Scale ACM 0012 (version 1) “Consolidated baseline methodology for GHG emission reductions for waste gas or waste heat or waste pressure based energy system” ACM 0004 (version 2) “Consolidated baseline methodology for waste gas and/or heat and/or pressure for power generation” (withdrawn) AM 0046 (version 1) “Distribution of efficient light bulbs to households” AMS-II.D (version 10) “Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for industrial facilities” 74
5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reductions: Energy Savings times Emissions Factor of Energy Emission reductions are calculated as the difference between the energy use of the existing equipment and the project multiplied by the emission factor of the energy type used (tCO 2 /MWh), which in the case of electricity is usually a combined margin derived from the methodologies for renewable grid electricity (see Chapter 5.2). ER y = EF bl,y X (MWh bl,y - MWh pj,y ) - Leakage Emission Reductions 5.4.3 ACM0012 Emission factor of baseline Energy saved/ generated by the project Electricity saved/ generated by the project Indirect emissions ACM 0012 was introduced by EB 32 and consolidates ACM 0004 and AM 0032. It has not yet been applied as project developers continue to use ACM 0004 in the 8-month grace period that lasts until April 2008. Description of the current version of the methodology Waste Gas, Waste Heat and Waste Pressure can be used Energy can be exported, but User is not allowed to claim CERs Only look at CO 2 Applicability conditions: ACM0012 is applicable to utilization of waste gas and/or waste heat as an energy source for cogeneration (excluding combined cycle plants), electricity generation, process heat or generation of heat utilized in equipment at one point of an industrial facility as well as utilization of waste pressure for electricity generation. Energy can be used within the industrial facility or exported. The project can be implemented by the owner of the industrial facility or a third party. Both greenfield and retrofit projects are possible; capacity expansions are treated like greenfield projects. Crediting period is limited to remaining lifetime of retrofitted equipment. It has to be proven that the gas was flared or vented prior to project implementation. Waste gas generators and recipient plants that consume steam and/or electricity shall be identified at the time of preparation of PDD and consultations with them shall be documented. To prevent double counting, users of energy exported have to sign a contract that they do not claim CERs. Only the following baseline scenarios allow application of the methodology: Electricity is obtained from a specific existing plant or from the grid and heat from a fossil fuel based steam boiler If the project is a cogeneration plant, all the recipients that are now served by the project would have got their energy from a common fossil fuel based cogeneration plant. In case existing plants are identified as baseline scenario, the crediting period has to be shorter than the remaining lifetime of the plants. Project boundary: The spatial extent of the project boundary includes the industrial facility generating the waste gas/heat/pressure, the generator of process heat/steam/electricity and the user of process heat/steam/electricity (including the grid in case of electricity exports). Only CO 2 emissions are to be considered. 75
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
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Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
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EB Decision Making and the Role of
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While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
Page 25 and 26: Verification Regarding verification
Page 27 and 28: 3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
Page 29 and 30: Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
Page 31 and 32: 4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
Page 33 and 34: Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
Page 35 and 36: Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
Page 37 and 38: 4.1.4 Leakage Unclear Definition of
Page 39 and 40: Top-down Methodology Development fo
Page 41 and 42: Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
Page 43 and 44: 5. Key elements and application of
Page 45 and 46: Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
Page 47 and 48: Methodological Concept Power Genera
Page 49 and 50: Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
Page 51 and 52: Build Margin Build Margin: newest P
Page 53 and 54: Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
Page 55 and 56: Project Emissions With the exceptio
Page 57 and 58: Applicability Conditions Grid has t
Page 59 and 60: Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
Page 61 and 62: Box 20: Sufficient natural gas supp
Page 63 and 64: • Option 3: The emission factor o
Page 65 and 66: Industrial Gas Methodologies 5.3 De
Page 67 and 68: No Additionality Problem Another co
Page 69 and 70: In a second step, it is tested whet
Page 71 and 72: Determination of the Emission Facto
Page 73 and 74: Baseline scenario and additionality
Page 75: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 79 and 80: Default Cogen Plant Efficiency 90%
Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87 and 88: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 89 and 90: Landfill gas capture and flaring ac
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
Page 107 and 108: • Methane used for electricity an
Page 109 and 110: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 111 and 112: or retrofit. This baseline holds fo
Page 113 and 114: • For biomass-fired projects, a s
Page 115 and 116: A handful of projects have submitte
Page 117 and 118: Submission of further Baseline Scen
Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
Page 121 and 122: • Quantity of steam diverted from
Page 123: Published by the Department for Env
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