Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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AM0001: Most stringent Requirements on Data Accuracy Box 25: Ensuring accuracy of measurements in HFC-23 projects AM0001 has one of the most stringent requirements of all approved methodologies in terms of data accuracy. It is the only methodology where two flow meters need to be used to measure the same parameter – in this case the amount of HFC-23 generated (HFC-23 flow) – and where the lower of the two values need to be used. Additionally, the methodology asks the project proponent to weekly perform a functionality check of the flow meters and to calibrate the meters every six months. 5.3.2 AM0021 Thermal Decomposition more attractive than Catalytic Reduction Only pre-2005 Plants Continuation of Status Quo Project description Adipic acid serves as a feedstock in polymer (mostly nylon) production. As a by-product of adipic acid production N 2 O occurs and is typically released into the atmosphere in the absence of any regulation. In principal two proven technological options exist to prevent the release of N 2 O emissions: decomposition during thermal destruction or catalytic reduction. So far, thermal destruction is the preferred and only choice of CDM project developers because it entails lower total costs and has a higher efficiency (decomposition rate of > 99%). A CDM project based on thermal destruction technology will involve the thermal combustion unit fired by natural gas and a steam boiler to heat exchange the enormous amounts of heat from the process to usable steam. The flue gas will be released through the stack and will usually be treated by a DENOx facility which removes the nitrous oxide from the gas. Applicability conditions The methodology is applicable to both thermal destruction as well as catalytic reduction of the N 2 O. Only such adipic acid plants are eligible that have been in operation before 2004. Project boundary The project boundary entails the adipic acid production plant and the decomposition facility. Baseline scenario and additionality The baseline scenario is continued venting of the N 2 O to the atmosphere taking into current regulatory requirements. The additionality test prescribed by the methodology requires the project proponent to demonstrate that a) he is not mandated by any regulation to reduce his emissions, b) N 2 O abatement is not common practice in his sector and region of production and c) that the project would not be viable without CDM. Baseline emissions Baseline emissions consist of the amount of N 2 O emissions that would have continued to be released plus CO 2 emissions resulting from the amount of steam that in the absence of the project would have been generated by combustion of fossil fuels. As the latter part is by far the smaller part of baseline emissions (less than 0.01%), only the N 2 O emissions baseline is discussed in the following. 68
Determination of the Emission Factor The N 2 O emissions baseline is the amount of adipic acid produced during project operation multiplied with an N 2 O emission factor per output of adipic acid. The emission factor needs to be calculated based on the chemical consumption of nitric acid according to the following formula: N 2 O/AdOH = HNO3_chem / P_AdOH / 63/2 x 0.96 x 44 N 2 O emission factor Chemical consumption of nitric acid Adipic acid production Ratio of N 2 O to N 2 Cap of Emission Factor Emissions caused by remaining N 2 O Emissions and Fuel Combustion For reasons of conservativeness, the emission factor is capped at 0.27 kg N 2 O/ kg of AdOH which is the lower value given by the IPCC Good Practice Guidance. Project emissions The sources of GHG emissions of the project are N 2 O that has been bypassing the decomposition facility or not decomposed within the facility and CO 2 emissions due to combustion of natural gas in the facility. Leakage As in the case of AM0001, steam and power consumption are accounted for as leakage as these forms of energy are usually purchased from external sources and associated GHG emissions are therefore not included in the project boundary. Monitoring Monitoring shall be conducted on the following items: Ex ante • Regulations on N 2 O emission threshold, if any Ex post • Amount of adipic acid production (see Box 23) Main monitoring Activities: Flow of N 2 O and fossil Fuel Use • Amount of N 2 O supplied to the destruction process • Amount of N 2 O by-passing the destruction process • Amount of N 2 O generated in the adipic acid facility • Flow of effluent gas from the destruction facility • Concentration of N 2 O in the effluent gas • Regulations on N 2 O emission threshold, if any • Fossil fuels burned in the project and their emission factors differentiated according to fuel type • Electricity grid emission factor according to ACM 0002 • Steam consumption and steam emission factor • Electricity consumption 69
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
Page 21 and 22: EB Decision Making and the Role of
Page 23 and 24: While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
Page 25 and 26: Verification Regarding verification
Page 27 and 28: 3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
Page 29 and 30: Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
Page 31 and 32: 4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
Page 33 and 34: Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
Page 35 and 36: Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
Page 37 and 38: 4.1.4 Leakage Unclear Definition of
Page 39 and 40: Top-down Methodology Development fo
Page 41 and 42: Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
Page 43 and 44: 5. Key elements and application of
Page 45 and 46: Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
Page 47 and 48: Methodological Concept Power Genera
Page 49 and 50: Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
Page 51 and 52: Build Margin Build Margin: newest P
Page 53 and 54: Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
Page 55 and 56: Project Emissions With the exceptio
Page 57 and 58: Applicability Conditions Grid has t
Page 59 and 60: Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
Page 61 and 62: Box 20: Sufficient natural gas supp
Page 63 and 64: • Option 3: The emission factor o
Page 65 and 66: Industrial Gas Methodologies 5.3 De
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Page 69: In a second step, it is tested whet
Page 73 and 74: Baseline scenario and additionality
Page 75 and 76: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 77 and 78: 5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reduc
Page 79 and 80: Default Cogen Plant Efficiency 90%
Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87 and 88: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 89 and 90: Landfill gas capture and flaring ac
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
Page 107 and 108: • Methane used for electricity an
Page 109 and 110: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 111 and 112: or retrofit. This baseline holds fo
Page 113 and 114: • For biomass-fired projects, a s
Page 115 and 116: A handful of projects have submitte
Page 117 and 118: Submission of further Baseline Scen
Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
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• Quantity of steam diverted from
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