Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
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Project Emissions<br />
With the exceptions of geothermal and hydropower projects, the project<br />
emissions of this project category are assumed to be zero. The following<br />
project emission sources shall be taken into account for geothermal and<br />
hydropower projects:<br />
Geothermal Plants<br />
have Project<br />
Emissions from<br />
Steam<br />
Geothermal power: (i) Fugitive emissions of CO 2<br />
and CH 4<br />
due to release<br />
of non-condensable gases from the produced steam, and (ii) CO 2<br />
emissions<br />
from operation of the geothermal power plant. 236<br />
Hydro Reservoirs<br />
with Power<br />
Density of 4-10<br />
W/m 2 have<br />
default Emission<br />
Factor of 90g<br />
CO 2<br />
/kWh<br />
Hydropower: Fugitive emissions of CO 2<br />
and CH 4<br />
due to the rotting of<br />
organic matter in the reservoir as well as carbon entering the reservoir<br />
from upstream. Hydropower plants with power densities (installed power<br />
generation capacity divided by the flooded surface area) of greater than 4<br />
W/m 2 but less than or equal to 10 W/m 2 have to consider project reservoir<br />
emissions to be 90 g CO 2<br />
eq./kWh. Project reservoir emissions are considered<br />
negligible for projects with power densities greater than 10 W/m 2237, 238 . No<br />
approved methodology exists for hydropower projects with a power density<br />
of 4 W/m2 and less.<br />
Leakage<br />
No Leakage The leakage of this project category is assumed to be zero. Emissions arising<br />
from power plant construction, fuel handling, and land inundation need not<br />
be taken into account.<br />
Monitoring 239<br />
Data to be<br />
collected<br />
before Project<br />
Registration<br />
Data for OM<br />
Calculation<br />
Ex ante: Prior to the project validation, the following parameters must be<br />
collected for ex-ante emission reductions calculation. Plant emission factors<br />
used for the calculation of the OM and BM emission factors should be<br />
obtained according to the priority data sources given in ACM0002<br />
(version 06) 240 :<br />
• OM calculation: (i) Fuel consumption of each power plant in the PES by<br />
fuel type, (ii) CO 2<br />
emission coefficient of fuels used by each power plant in<br />
the PES by fuel type, (iii) power generation of each power plant in the PES,<br />
(iv) fuel consumption in the CES by fuel type, (v) CO 2<br />
emission coefficient<br />
of fuels used in the CES by fuel type, and (vi) power imports to the PES.<br />
Additional data is required for the following OM variations:<br />
– Dispatch data analysis: Merit order in which power plants are dispatched;<br />
236<br />
These provisions are found in ACM0002 (version 06) but not in AMS-I.D (version 12). Since there has not been<br />
any application of AMS-I.D to geothermal power projects so far and AMS-I.D (version 12) does not mention<br />
on these emission sources from geothermal power projects, it is not clear at this stage whether small-scale<br />
geothermal projects also have to consider these project emission sources.<br />
237<br />
See EB23, Annex 5.<br />
238<br />
The power density concept is found in ACM0002 (version 06) but not in AMS-I.D (version 12). However, smallscale<br />
hydropower projects have also applied the project reservoir emissions based on the power density criterion<br />
since the EB23 decision. See for example the registered <strong>CDM</strong> project “831: Rialma Companhis Energétuca<br />
S/A”, available at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/BVQI1167161981.54/view.html.<br />
239<br />
As per the official <strong>CDM</strong> terminology, “monitoring” refers only to data collection requirements after the project<br />
implementation (i.e. ex-post). The ex-ante data collection requirements are included in this guide book to<br />
provide readers with a more comprehensive picture on overall data needs.<br />
240<br />
These data should be obtained in the following priority: (i) acquired directly from the dispatch center or power<br />
producers, if available, or (ii) calculated, if data on fuel type, fuel emission factor, fuel input and power output<br />
can be obtained for each plant, or (iii) calculated as (ii), but using estimates such as default IPCC values, or (iv)<br />
calculated, for the simple OM and the average OM, using aggregated generation and fuel consumption data, in<br />
cases where more disaggregated data is not available (see page 5 of ACM0002 (version 06)). Examples of the<br />
application of aggregated data are described in Box 12 and 13.<br />
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