Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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Technical line losses are to be included in calculation of Project Emissions but not in the Baseline Emissions Box 42: The consideration of technical line losses in the baseline An amendment of various small-scale methodologies was requested to account for technical line losses in cases where electricity is the baseline 289 . The request claimed that the baseline was not accurately estimated under AMS-I.C and that AMS-I.C was not consistent with all methodologies of category II that refer to AMS-I.D for the calculation of the grid emission coefficient. SSC WG 08 rejected this request explaining that the combined margin approach of AMS I.D was designed to estimate the emission factor of a hypothetical plant replaced by the project, and is therefore meant to estimate a counterfactual scenario. In response to a similar request 290 SSC WG 12 reiterated that <strong>CDM</strong> methodologies are meant to produce conservative estimates and accordingly, technical line losses should be included in the calculation of projects emissions and excluded from baseline emission calculations. Should it be possible to demonstrate that the project activity has no significant impact on the grid, then the calculation of baseline emissions could include a consideration for technical losses. In all other cases, a conservative approach to baseline emissions calculation should be adopted. 255256 Project Emissions Leakage Calculation, if Reuse of replaced Equipment PoA Leakage No Shift to Fossil Fuels elsewhere Project emissions are typically assumed to be zero. Leakage Leakage is to be considered if the energy generating equipment is transferred from another activity or if the existing equipment is transferred to another activity. Leakage under a PoA: There is a risk of leakage as the PoA may divert biomass residues from other uses, which may subsequently lead to an increase in emissions from fossil fuel combustion or other sources. If biomass residues are co-fired in the project plant, project participants shall demonstrate that the use of the biomass residues does not result in an increase in fossil fuels use or an increase in GHG emissions elsewhere. Monitoring Metering of Sample of Projects In cases where baseline emissions are calculated using the energy produced multiplied by an emission factor, monitoring shall be conducted by metering the energy produced by a sample of the systems. In the case of cogeneration projects, monitoring shall be done by metering the thermal energy and electricity generated. Systems generating less than 5 CERs/ year only need to record Operating Hours If the emissions reduction per energy production system is less than 5 tonnes of CO 2 a year monitoring shall consider: i. Recording annually the number of systems operating; and ii. Estimating the annual hours of operation of an average system. Projects using biomass or biomass and fossil fuel need to monitor the following additional items: 255 See SSC_71. 256 See SSC_115. 110
• For biomass-fired projects, a specific fuel consumption of each type of fuel used (biomass or fossil) should be specified ex-ante. The consumption of each type of fuel shall be monitored. Monitoring of all Biomass Types Lower Value of Energy measured and Energy calculated from specific Fuel Consumption PoA requires Monitoring of scrapped Equipment • If fossil fuel is used, the thermal energy or the electricity generation metered should be adjusted to deduct thermal energy or electricity generation from fossil fuels using the specific fuel consumption and the quantity of fossil fuel consumed. • If more than one type of biomass is consumed each type shall be monitored separately. • The amount of thermal energy or electricity generated using biomass fuels shall be compared with the amount of thermal energy or electricity generated calculated using specific fuel consumption and the amount of each type of biomass fuel used. The lower of the two values should be used to calculate emission reductions. Monitoring under a PoA: • The number of the distributed and scrapped equipment shall be monitored; and • Biomass power projects shall follow the general guidance for leakage in small-scale biomass project activities or the procedures given in AM0042. 5.8 Biomass power generation 5.8.1 <strong>Methodologies</strong> analyzed Large Scale ACM0006 (version 6) “Consolidated methodology for electricity generation from biomass residues” 5.8.2 Basic concept Category description New of retrofitted Biomass Power Generation This category includes projects that aim to produce electricity or thermal energy from the combustion of biomass residues. Projects may be developed on sites where no power generation occurs or on sites where a fossil fuel or biomass residues fired plant already exists. Retrofits are also eligible under this category, as well as projects converting an existing fossil fuel fired plant to a plant fired by biomass residues. 111
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
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Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
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EB Decision Making and the Role of
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While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
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Verification Regarding verification
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3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
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Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
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4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
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Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
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Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
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4.1.4 Leakage Unclear Definition of
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Top-down Methodology Development fo
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Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
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5. Key elements and application of
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Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
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Methodological Concept Power Genera
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Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
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Build Margin Build Margin: newest P
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Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
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Project Emissions With the exceptio
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Applicability Conditions Grid has t
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Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
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Page 73 and 74: Baseline scenario and additionality
Page 75 and 76: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 77 and 78: 5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reduc
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Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87 and 88: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 89 and 90: Landfill gas capture and flaring ac
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
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Page 109 and 110: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 111: or retrofit. This baseline holds fo
Page 115 and 116: A handful of projects have submitte
Page 117 and 118: Submission of further Baseline Scen
Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
Page 121 and 122: • Quantity of steam diverted from
Page 123: Published by the Department for Env
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