Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA
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or retrofit. This baseline holds for the period of time that the existing facility<br />
would have operated before being replaced or retrofitted as a matter of<br />
course. Beyond that period, the project emissions are considered to be the<br />
baseline emissions.<br />
Project participants may also use other additionality demonstration methods,<br />
e.g. the investment analysis stipulated in the additionality tool, in addition to<br />
the barrier analysis.<br />
Baseline Emissions<br />
Baseline<br />
Emissions: Fuel<br />
Consumption of<br />
Baseline Scenario<br />
Technology times<br />
Emission Factor<br />
Differentiation<br />
according to Type<br />
of Cogeneration<br />
Plant<br />
If Project adds<br />
Capacity, Impact<br />
on Resources<br />
available to<br />
existing Capacity<br />
has to be assessed<br />
Retrofit: Average<br />
historical<br />
Emissions of<br />
retrofitted Plant<br />
For renewable energy technologies that displace emissions from<br />
technologies using fossil fuels: The baseline emissions are to be calculated<br />
as the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have been used in<br />
the absence of the project multiplied by the emission factor of the fossil fuel<br />
displaced. IPCC default values for emission coefficients may be used.<br />
For cogeneration projects: When electricity is produced, the baseline<br />
emissions are to be calculated as the amount of electricity produced with the<br />
renewable technology multiplied by either 1) the CO 2<br />
emission factor per<br />
unit of energy of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline plant<br />
divided by the efficiency of the captive plant or 2) the CO 2<br />
emission factor<br />
of the grid to which the electricity is supplied. When steam/heat is produced<br />
using fossil fuels, the baseline emissions are calculated as the net quantity<br />
of steam/heat supplied by the project multiplied by the CO 2<br />
emission factor<br />
per unit of energy of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline<br />
plant divided by the efficiency of that plant. When electricity and steam are<br />
produced in a cogeneration unit using fossil fuel, the baseline emissions are<br />
calculated as the net quantity of steam/heat supplied by the project plus the<br />
amount of electricity produced with the renewable technology multiplied by<br />
a conversion factor, multiplied by the CO 2<br />
emission factor per unit of energy<br />
of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline cogeneration plant<br />
divided by the total efficiency of that plant.<br />
For projects that involve the addition of renewable energy units at<br />
an existing renewable energy production facility: Baseline emissions<br />
are calculated as the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have<br />
been used in the absence of the project multiplied by the emission factor of<br />
the fossil fuel displaced. The potential for the project to reduce the amount<br />
of renewable resource available to, and thus thermal energy production by<br />
existing units must be considered in the determination of baseline emissions,<br />
project emissions, and/or leakage, as relevant.<br />
For projects modifying or retrofitting an existing facility, the baseline<br />
emissions are calculated as the average historical emissions of the existing<br />
facility, before the modification or retrofit. To calculate the period over which<br />
this baseline is valid, it is necessary to evaluate the time at which the thermal<br />
energy facility would have been replaced or retrofitted in the absence of the<br />
project.<br />
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