Understanding CDM Methodologies - SuSanA

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PoA only applicable for Biomass Residues or dedicated Plantations Baseline Scenario only vaguely defined Detailed List of Baseline Scenarios for Cogeneration Plants Cogeneration included according to requests for Clarification Retrofit generates CERs for remaining Lifetime of retrofitted Plant Applicability conditions under a Programme of Activities (PoA): In case of a small-scale PoA where the limit of the entire PoA exceeds the limit for small-scale <strong>CDM</strong> projects described above, the applicability of the methodology is limited to small-scale <strong>CDM</strong> Programme Activities (CPAs) that use either biomass residues only or biomass from dedicated plantations complying with the applicability conditions of AM0042 253 . Project boundary The project encompasses the physical, geographical site of the renewable energy generation. Baseline Scenario and Additionality For renewable energy technologies that displace emissions from technologies using fossil fuels: The simplified baseline is the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have been used in the absence of the project. For cogeneration projects: One of the four following baseline scenarios can be used, depending on the technology that would have been used to produce the thermal energy and electricity in the absence of the project: a) Electricity is supplied from the grid and steam/heat is produced using fossil fuel; b) Electricity is produced in an onsite power plant (with a possibility of export to the grid) and steam/heat is produced using fossil fuel; c) A combination of (a) and (b); d) Electricity and steam/heat are produced in a cogeneration unit, using fossil fuel. Box 41: The inclusion of cogeneration project activities In the early stages of development of AMS-I.C, confusion arose with regards to which methodology should be used for cogeneration project 288 . SSC WG 09 eventually revised some small-scale methodologies (including AMS-I.C) to include additional guidance on cogeneration project activities. These revisions were included in AMS-I.C version 10. The inclusion in AMS I.C of a procedure for calculating emissions where cogeneration from fossil fuels is the baseline broadened its applicability. This clarified that cogeneration projects displacing/avoiding fossil fuel consumption in the production of thermal energy (e.g. steam or process heat) and/or electricity shall use this methodology. For projects that involve the addition of renewable energy units at an existing renewable energy production facility: For projects that add renewable energy generation units to an existing facility, the baseline scenario corresponds to the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have used the energy produced by the added units. For projects that seek to modify or retrofit an existing facility, the baseline scenario corresponds to the thermal energy supplied by the existing facility, before the modification 253 The complete list of applicability conditions for projects under a PoA may be found in Annex I of AMS-I.C, titled “Applicability conditions and guidance on leakage below concerns Project activity under a programme of activities”. 254 See e.g. SSC_97. 108
or retrofit. This baseline holds for the period of time that the existing facility would have operated before being replaced or retrofitted as a matter of course. Beyond that period, the project emissions are considered to be the baseline emissions. Project participants may also use other additionality demonstration methods, e.g. the investment analysis stipulated in the additionality tool, in addition to the barrier analysis. Baseline Emissions Baseline Emissions: Fuel Consumption of Baseline Scenario Technology times Emission Factor Differentiation according to Type of Cogeneration Plant If Project adds Capacity, Impact on Resources available to existing Capacity has to be assessed Retrofit: Average historical Emissions of retrofitted Plant For renewable energy technologies that displace emissions from technologies using fossil fuels: The baseline emissions are to be calculated as the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have been used in the absence of the project multiplied by the emission factor of the fossil fuel displaced. IPCC default values for emission coefficients may be used. For cogeneration projects: When electricity is produced, the baseline emissions are to be calculated as the amount of electricity produced with the renewable technology multiplied by either 1) the CO 2 emission factor per unit of energy of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline plant divided by the efficiency of the captive plant or 2) the CO 2 emission factor of the grid to which the electricity is supplied. When steam/heat is produced using fossil fuels, the baseline emissions are calculated as the net quantity of steam/heat supplied by the project multiplied by the CO 2 emission factor per unit of energy of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline plant divided by the efficiency of that plant. When electricity and steam are produced in a cogeneration unit using fossil fuel, the baseline emissions are calculated as the net quantity of steam/heat supplied by the project plus the amount of electricity produced with the renewable technology multiplied by a conversion factor, multiplied by the CO 2 emission factor per unit of energy of the fuel that would have been used in the baseline cogeneration plant divided by the total efficiency of that plant. For projects that involve the addition of renewable energy units at an existing renewable energy production facility: Baseline emissions are calculated as the fuel consumption of the technologies that would have been used in the absence of the project multiplied by the emission factor of the fossil fuel displaced. The potential for the project to reduce the amount of renewable resource available to, and thus thermal energy production by existing units must be considered in the determination of baseline emissions, project emissions, and/or leakage, as relevant. For projects modifying or retrofitting an existing facility, the baseline emissions are calculated as the average historical emissions of the existing facility, before the modification or retrofit. To calculate the period over which this baseline is valid, it is necessary to evaluate the time at which the thermal energy facility would have been replaced or retrofitted in the absence of the project. 109
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Understanding CDM Methodologies A g
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Introduction The success of the Cle
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1. Introduction Climate Change is a
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Aim of Guidebook This guidebook wil
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Special Status of the Marrakech Acc
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Small Scale Thresholds over Time Cr
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Transparency, Conservativeness, Con
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Role of DOEs - Absence of Accredita
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Figure 2: The CDM project cycle CER
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EB Decision Making and the Role of
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While COP/MOP has provided that Lar
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Verification Regarding verification
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3. Barrier analysis, with the aim t
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Rejections due to Lack of Additiona
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4. Methodologies Methodology Case L
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Figure 9: Fuel switch family tree M
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Interpretation of top 20% in Approa
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4.1.4 Leakage Unclear Definition of
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Top-down Methodology Development fo
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Table 4: Methodology revisions 2005
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5. Key elements and application of
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Two Methodologies added Nitric Acid
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Methodological Concept Power Genera
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Box 13: Exclusion of immaterial par
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Build Margin Build Margin: newest P
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Box 16: OM/ BM calculation where th
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Project Emissions With the exceptio
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Applicability Conditions Grid has t
Page 59 and 60: Leakage Leakage: Transfer of Equipm
Page 61 and 62: Box 20: Sufficient natural gas supp
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Page 65 and 66: Industrial Gas Methodologies 5.3 De
Page 67 and 68: No Additionality Problem Another co
Page 69 and 70: In a second step, it is tested whet
Page 71 and 72: Determination of the Emission Facto
Page 73 and 74: Baseline scenario and additionality
Page 75 and 76: Box 27: Ensuring accuracy of measur
Page 77 and 78: 5.4.2 Basic concept Emissions Reduc
Page 79 and 80: Default Cogen Plant Efficiency 90%
Page 81 and 82: 5.4.4 AMS-II.D Project Description
Page 83 and 84: 5.4.5 AM0046 This methodology warra
Page 85 and 86: • Information on any changes made
Page 87 and 88: Displacement of Natural Gas in Pipe
Page 89 and 90: Landfill gas capture and flaring ac
Page 91 and 92: Ex post: The main parameters that n
Page 93 and 94: Box 31: Deviation of monitoring met
Page 95 and 96: Box 32: Measurement of the flare ef
Page 97 and 98: Expanding of Applicability Conditio
Page 99 and 100: Seven-Step Procedure for Measuremen
Page 101 and 102: Project boundary Transport of Waste
Page 103 and 104: Biomass Leakage: Proving that there
Page 105 and 106: 5.6 .3 ACM0008 Description of the c
Page 107 and 108: • Methane used for electricity an
Page 109: Applicability conditions Definition
Page 113 and 114: • For biomass-fired projects, a s
Page 115 and 116: A handful of projects have submitte
Page 117 and 118: Submission of further Baseline Scen
Page 119 and 120: Heat only Projects Baseline Scenari
Page 121 and 122: • Quantity of steam diverted from
Page 123: Published by the Department for Env
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