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COSIG CONFERENCE BROCHURE.pdf - Drexel University College ...

COSIG CONFERENCE BROCHURE.pdf - Drexel University College ... COSIG CONFERENCE BROCHURE.pdf - Drexel University College ...

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COSIG Co-Occurring Disorders Conference, Hershey PA, May 15-17, 2006 Radial glia In the developing nervous system, radial glia provide a scaffold for the outward migration of cortical cells. In the mature brain, the cerebellum and retina retain characteristic radial glial cells. In the cerebellum, these are Bergmann glia, which regulate synaptic plasticity. In the retina, the radial Müller cell is the principal glial cell, and participates in a bidirectional communication with neurons. GLIA Basal Ganglia • The caudate and putamen have been found to be affected alcohol exposed individuals • The caudate in particular has been found to be smaller in heavy prenatal alcohol exposure Corpus Callosum • shown to be absent or “thinned”. • phenomenon especially demonstrated in autopsied brains of alcohol exposed individuals I • in other cases it’s spatial relationship to other sections of the central nervous system is altered even when the size is unaffected. Clark et al 2000 Riley, 2000 Streissguth, 2000 8

COSIG Co-Occurring Disorders Conference, Hershey PA, May 15-17, 2006 Corpus callosum abnormalities Corpus Callosum Abnormalities Mattson, et al., 1994; Mattson & Riley, 1995; Riley et al., 1995 Lockhart, P, Mahone, M., Mostofsky, S unpublished data Cerebellum • exposure during the last trimester is damaging to the cerebellar vermis • This period of time is the early post-natal period in mice and has been replicated in a number of studies • particularly affected are the purkinje and granule cells Alcohol and the Cerebellum Purkinje Cell Layer Sowell, 1996 Pictures courtesy of James West Susceptibility Factors • Pattern • Duration • Timing • Dose • Genetic factors • Parity • Age of the mother • Binge drinking • Smoking • Other drug use • Constitutional factors • Physical health • Poor nutrition • Trauma • Stress Animal models – Example of the comparability of effects • Growth retardation • Facial characteristics • Heart, skeletal defects • Microcephaly • Reductions in basal ganglia and cerebellar volumes • Callosal anomalies • Hyperactivity, attentional problems • Inhibitory deficits • Impaired learning • Perseveration errors • Feeding difficulties • Gait anomalies • Hearing anomalies Driscoll, et al., 1990; Samson, 1986 9

<strong>COSIG</strong> Co-Occurring Disorders Conference, Hershey PA, May 15-17, 2006<br />

Corpus callosum<br />

abnormalities<br />

Corpus Callosum Abnormalities<br />

Mattson, et al., 1994; Mattson & Riley, 1995; Riley et al., 1995<br />

Lockhart, P, Mahone, M., Mostofsky, S unpublished data<br />

Cerebellum<br />

• exposure during the last trimester is<br />

damaging to the cerebellar vermis<br />

• This period of time is the early post-natal<br />

period in mice and has been replicated in a<br />

number of studies<br />

• particularly affected are the purkinje and<br />

granule cells<br />

Alcohol and the Cerebellum<br />

Purkinje<br />

Cell<br />

Layer<br />

Sowell, 1996<br />

Pictures courtesy of James West<br />

Susceptibility Factors<br />

• Pattern<br />

• Duration<br />

• Timing<br />

• Dose<br />

• Genetic factors<br />

• Parity<br />

• Age of the mother<br />

• Binge drinking<br />

• Smoking<br />

• Other drug use<br />

• Constitutional<br />

factors<br />

• Physical health<br />

• Poor nutrition<br />

• Trauma<br />

• Stress<br />

Animal models – Example of the<br />

comparability of effects<br />

• Growth retardation<br />

• Facial characteristics<br />

• Heart, skeletal<br />

defects<br />

• Microcephaly<br />

• Reductions in basal<br />

ganglia and cerebellar<br />

volumes<br />

• Callosal anomalies<br />

• Hyperactivity,<br />

attentional problems<br />

• Inhibitory deficits<br />

• Impaired learning<br />

• Perseveration errors<br />

• Feeding difficulties<br />

• Gait anomalies<br />

• Hearing anomalies<br />

Driscoll, et al., 1990; Samson, 1986<br />

9

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