Prace komisji nauk.pdf - Instytut Filologii Angielskiej Uniwersytetu ...
Prace komisji nauk.pdf - Instytut Filologii Angielskiej Uniwersytetu ... Prace komisji nauk.pdf - Instytut Filologii Angielskiej Uniwersytetu ...
target text becomes useless, even if its other aspects have been perfectly rendered. Vermeer (1996) devises certain rules which, according to his theory, have to be obeyed by a translator to ensure a high quality of translation. The basic skopos rule has already been discussed: it is the main function of the target text to which all other aspects are subordinate. The second rule states that the target text should be comprehensive for the recipient in given “situational circumstances” (ibid.). In the case of song translation, the “situational circumstances” refer to the conditions in which the singer addresses the translated song to the audience while performing it live or on a recording. When considering songs, the situation is very complex due to the interpenetrated relationship of words and music: the musical art is characterized by the instantaneity of reception. Thus, the text has to be comprehensive immediately, without much time for pondering over the meaning of its particular parts. The last rule introduced by Vermeer (1996) concerns the relationship between the original and the target text, i.e. the fidelity rule, which, in fact, may be treated as Vermeer’s peculiar notion of equivalence. According to Vermeer (1996: 36), “some kind of connection between the two texts has to be retained”. However, the fidelity rule is the least important in skopos theory and is subordinate to the other two rules mentioned above. The main disadvantage of paying particular attention to the functionality of a translation as a text is that such an approach seems to neglect the issue of fidelity to the source text. In this case, when the meaning is subordinate to other functions, the notion of equivalence between the source text and the target text is undermined. It should instead be referred to as adequacy or appropriateness in translation (ibid.), or even functional equivalence. To conclude, the very process of translating song lyrics can be viewed as a constant clash between the literary and the musical. Since it combines various musical and literary aspects, it partly covers the two areas and cannot be located 230
entirely in any of them. Therefore, song translation may even be regarded as an indeterminable act and can constitute a separate (and definitely under-studied) domain in translatology. It also stimulates imagination to create an image of a perfect translator who, if only possible, should be a translator, a poet and a professional singer (or at least a musician) rolled into one. Literature Bastin, Georges L. (1998) “Adaptation”. (Mark Gregson trans.) [In:] Mona Baker (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York: Routledge; 5-8. De Beaugrande, Robert (1978) Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating. Assen: Van Gorcum. Boase-Beier, Jean & Michael Holman (1998) The Practices of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity. Manchester: St. Jerome. Bristiger, Michał (1986) Związki muzyki ze słowem. Warszawa: PWN. Conolly, David (1998) „Poetry Translation”. [In:] Mona Baker (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York: Routledge; 170-176 Chesterman, Andrew (2000) Memes of Translation : The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Kalábová, Helena (2006) Film vs. Stage Versions of Translations of Song Lyrics in Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar. Under the supervision of Simona Mazáčová. Kołakowski, Roman (2007) Personal interview, 14 November 2007. Lauer, Martin (2001) Translation of Song Lyrics from English. Under the supervision of Jiří Rambousek. Low, Peter (2005) “Pentathlon Approach to Translating Songs”. [In:] Dinda L. Gorlee (ed.), Song and Significance: Virtues and Vices of Vocal Translation. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Nida, Eugene A. & Charles Taber (1969) The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: Brill. Pisarska, Alicja & Teresa Tomaszkiewicz (1996) Współczesne tendencje przekładoznawcze. Poznań: UAM. Porzuczek, Andrzej (2008) Personal interview, 16 January 2008. 231
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entirely in any of them. Therefore, song translation may even be regarded as an<br />
indeterminable act and can constitute a separate (and definitely under-studied)<br />
domain in translatology. It also stimulates imagination to create an image of a<br />
perfect translator who, if only possible, should be a translator, a poet and a<br />
professional singer (or at least a musician) rolled into one.<br />
Literature<br />
Bastin, Georges L. (1998) “Adaptation”. (Mark Gregson trans.) [In:] Mona Baker<br />
(ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York: Routledge;<br />
5-8.<br />
De Beaugrande, Robert (1978) Factors in a Theory of Poetic Translating. Assen:<br />
Van Gorcum.<br />
Boase-Beier, Jean & Michael Holman (1998) The Practices of Literary<br />
Translation: Constraints and Creativity. Manchester: St. Jerome.<br />
Bristiger, Michał (1986) Związki muzyki ze słowem. Warszawa: PWN.<br />
Conolly, David (1998) „Poetry Translation”. [In:] Mona Baker (ed.), Routledge<br />
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. New York: Routledge; 170-176<br />
Chesterman, Andrew (2000) Memes of Translation : The Spread of Ideas in<br />
Translation Theory. Amsterdam: Benjamins.<br />
Kalábová, Helena (2006) Film vs. Stage Versions of Translations of Song Lyrics in<br />
Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar. Under the supervision of Simona<br />
Mazáčová.<br />
Kołakowski, Roman (2007) Personal interview, 14 November 2007.<br />
Lauer, Martin (2001) Translation of Song Lyrics from English. Under the<br />
supervision of Jiří Rambousek.<br />
Low, Peter (2005) “Pentathlon Approach to Translating Songs”. [In:] Dinda L.<br />
Gorlee (ed.), Song and Significance: Virtues and Vices of Vocal Translation.<br />
Amsterdam: Rodopi.<br />
Nida, Eugene A. & Charles Taber (1969) The Theory and Practice of Translation.<br />
Leiden: Brill.<br />
Pisarska, Alicja & Teresa Tomaszkiewicz (1996) Współczesne tendencje<br />
przekładoznawcze. Poznań: UAM.<br />
Porzuczek, Andrzej (2008) Personal interview, 16 January 2008.<br />
231
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