Beijing Olympics 2008: Winning Press Freedom - World Press ...
Beijing Olympics 2008: Winning Press Freedom - World Press ...
Beijing Olympics 2008: Winning Press Freedom - World Press ...
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<strong>Beijing</strong> <strong>Olympics</strong> <strong>2008</strong>: <strong>Winning</strong> <strong>Press</strong> <strong>Freedom</strong><br />
116<br />
17 1 Chinese Eye Tracking Study: Baidu vs. Google, http://www.searchengineland.com<br />
18 1 China's Internet economy grows faster than Western countries; People’s Daily Online, Feb. 17, 2007,<br />
in: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/16/eng20070216_350659.html<br />
19 1 See Pacific Telecommunication Conference (PTC), Honolulu, January 2007, in:<br />
http://www.ptc07.org/program/prog_schedule.html<br />
20 1 Kai LI Kan, An Analysis of Various Models for Wireless Cities, in: Wolfgang Kleinwächter (ed,), The Power of<br />
Ideas: Internet Governance in a Global Multistakeholder Environment, Berlin 2007, p. 130 ff.<br />
21 1 See Access to Knowledge Conference, New Haven Yale Information Society Project, April 27-29, 2007,<br />
in:http://research.yale.edu/isp/eventsa2k2.html<br />
22 1 21st CNNIC Report, p. 42 ff. ibid<br />
23 1 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (1982), Art. 35, in:<br />
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html<br />
24 1 Art. 40, ibid.<br />
25 1 Art. 41, ibid.<br />
26 1 In a speech, Jan. 17, <strong>2008</strong>, Yan Xlaohong, Vice Minister of the General Administration of <strong>Press</strong> and<br />
Publication (GAPP) recalled: [Communist Party] “Secretary General Hu Jinmo pointed out whether we can cope with the<br />
Internet is a matter that affects the development of socialist culture, the security of information, and the stability of the<br />
state. To protect intellectual property rights by combatting Internet piracy is an important measure to strengthen the<br />
administration of Internet culture and a guarantee for its healthy development. Copyright administrative departments will,<br />
just as usual, cooperate with public security departments and communication administrative departments to crack down<br />
on Internet piracy resolutely and severely, so as to make active contributions to maintaining the order of Internet<br />
communication, developing harmonious Internet culture and promoting the advancement of Internet Industry."<br />
http://www.china.org.cn/e-news/news080117-1.htm<br />
27 1 see <strong>Freedom</strong> of Expression and the Internet in China: A Human Rights Watch Backgrounder,<br />
http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/china-bck-0701.htm<br />
28 1 see Wikipedia, Internet Censorship in the People's Republic of China,<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China<br />
29 1 Internet cafes and other service providers also give users special guidelines for "behavior in good faith."<br />
www.sohu.com informs their customers: "Please take note that the following issues are prohibited according to Chinese<br />
law: 1. Criticism of the PRC Constitution; 2. Revealing State secrets and discussion about overthrowing the Communist<br />
government; 3. Topics that damage the reputation of the State; 4. Discussions that ignite ethnic animosity, discrimination<br />
or regional separatism; 5, Discussion that undermines the State's religious policy, as well as promotes evil cults and<br />
superstition; 6. Spreading rumors, perpetrating and disseminating false news that promotes disorder and social<br />
instability; 7. Dissemination of obscenity, sex, gambling, violence, and terror. Cyber-sex is not permitted within the<br />
English chat-room; 8. Humiliating or slandering innocent people: 9. Any discussion and promotion of content which PRC<br />
laws prohibit. If you are a Chinese national and willingly choose to break these laws, Sohu.com is legally obliged to<br />
report you to the Public Security Bureau. Thank you for your cooperation." http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/asia/chinabck-0701.htm<br />
30 1 A detailed study was done by Benjamin Edelman of the Berkman Center, Internet Filtering in China in 2004-<br />
2005: A Country Study. The study concludes that "China's Internet filtering regime is the most sophisticated effort of its<br />
kind in the world. Compared to similar efforts in other states, China's filtering regime is pervasive, sophisticated, and<br />
effective. It comprises multiple levels of legal regulation and technical control. It involves numerous state agencies and<br />
thousands of public and private personnel. It censors content transmitted through multiple methods, Including web<br />
pages, web logs, online discussion forums, university bulletin board systems, and e-mail messages. Our testing found<br />
efforts to prevent access to a wide range of sensitive materials, from pornography to religious material to political dissent.<br />
In: http://www.opennetinitiative.net/studies/china/<br />
31 1 China's 'Eye on the Internet' a Fraud, http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/chinas-eye-internetfraud-14190.html<br />
32 1 Clive Thompson, Google's China Problem (or China's Google Problem), in: New York Times, April 23, 2006,<br />
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/magazine/23google.html?pagewanted=all<br />
33 1 see <strong>Freedom</strong> of the <strong>Press</strong> <strong>World</strong>wide in 2006, Annual Report of Reporters Without Borders, p.80 ff, in:<br />
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_en_bd-4.pdf<br />
34 1 Declan McCullagh, Congressman quizzes Net companies on shame, CNET News, Feb. 15, 2006, in:<br />
http://www.news.com/Congressman-quizzes-Net-companies-on-shame/2100-1028_3-<br />
6040250.html<br />
35 1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Dec. 12, 1948, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html