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ANALYSETTE 22 NanoTec - Fritsch - Malen en Zeven

ANALYSETTE 22 NanoTec - Fritsch - Malen en Zeven

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FRITSCH · LASER PARTICLE SIZER<br />

IDEAL FOR<br />

- MEASURING THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION<br />

OF SOLIDS AND SUSPENSIONS<br />

- MEASURING RANGE 0.01 – 2000 µm<br />

- PRODUCTION AND QUALITY CONTROL<br />

- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT<br />

STATIC LASER SCATTERING


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

For over 25 years, FRITSCH has remained one step ahead in the area of laser<br />

particle sizing. In 1985, we revolutionised measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision by introducing the<br />

concept of laser diffraction in a converg<strong>en</strong>t laser beam with the pat<strong>en</strong>ted FRITSCH<br />

FRITSCH. ONE STEP AHEAD.<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t process. This process has now become the international standard for<br />

easy, fast and reliable particle size analysis. B<strong>en</strong>efi t from the practical experi<strong>en</strong>ce<br />

and technical superiority achieved in a quarter-c<strong>en</strong>tury of work in laser particle sizing.<br />

2


<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

SIMPLE.<br />

FLEXIBLE.<br />

RELIABLE.<br />

The FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>en</strong>sures precise determination of particle sizes worldwide –<br />

in production and quality control as well as in research and developm<strong>en</strong>t. B<strong>en</strong>efit from its decisive<br />

advantages: extremely simple operation, short analysis times and consist<strong>en</strong>tly reproducible and<br />

reliable results. And of course getting the best value for your money.<br />

QUALITY AND TECHNOLOGY FROM GERMANY<br />

All key compon<strong>en</strong>ts of all FRITSCH Laser Particle Sizers are manufactured <strong>en</strong>tirely in Germany. The fi nal<br />

production takes place exclusively at our own plant at our headquarters in Idar-Oberstein. With strict<br />

quality controls and the special att<strong>en</strong>tion to detail of a traditional family-owned company. This you can<br />

really dep<strong>en</strong>d on.<br />

3


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

COMPACT SIZE –<br />

COMPACT PRICE<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

Measuring range 0.01 – 2000 µm<br />

Short measuring time<br />

High measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision<br />

Consist<strong>en</strong>t reproducibility<br />

Reliable comparability<br />

User-fri<strong>en</strong>dly operation<br />

TWO MODELS FOR ALL APPLICATIONS<br />

MicroTec plus (0.08 – 2000 µm)<br />

<strong>NanoTec</strong> plus (0.01 – 2000 µm)<br />

0.08 2000<br />

Dry dispersion unit<br />

0.01 0.10 1 10 100 1000<br />

10000 (µm)<br />

Choose according to your needs: either the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus –<br />

the perfect all-round-laser with a measuring range of 0.08 – 2000 µm for all<br />

typical measurem<strong>en</strong>t tasks; or the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus, the high<strong>en</strong>d<br />

instrum<strong>en</strong>t for measurem<strong>en</strong>ts down to the nano range – for maximum<br />

precision and s<strong>en</strong>sitivity for the smallest particles through the measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

of the backward scattering in a third laser beam.<br />

Measuring unit<br />

4


FRITSCH-PLUS<br />

• Intellig<strong>en</strong>t modular design Each <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> consists of a compact measuring unit that<br />

can be quickly and easily combined with various dispersion units for dry respectively wet<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>ts. This allows you to buy only what you need for your applications.<br />

• Practical fast-switch-system Quickly switch betwe<strong>en</strong> dispersion units by simply changing<br />

the cartridge containing the measuring cell.<br />

• Short measuring time The <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> completes most measurem<strong>en</strong>ts in less than<br />

a minute. The instrum<strong>en</strong>t is th<strong>en</strong> immediately ready to be used again.<br />

• Fully automatic analysis with clearly organised results visible directly on the scre<strong>en</strong>.<br />

Of course, you can also print out or save a report customised to your needs.<br />

Wet dispersion unit<br />

5


FRITSCH Particle Sizing<br />

SIMPLE<br />

Laser particle sizing at the push of a button<br />

With the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong>, particle measurem<strong>en</strong>t becomes a simple matter, for<br />

professionals as well as for any employee, with only brief instructions, e.g. in<br />

merchandise receipt or shipping departm<strong>en</strong>ts. No prior knowledge is required. Just<br />

start the programme, select a SOP and add the sample – the rest takes place<br />

completely automatic. Fast. Reliable. Effici<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

1. START PROGRAMME<br />

To start a measurem<strong>en</strong>t with the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong>, simply select one of the predefined<br />

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs, see pages 7 and 18).<br />

2. ADD SAMPLE<br />

The programme will prompt you to add the sample material. As soon as the quantity<br />

is suffici<strong>en</strong>t, the measurem<strong>en</strong>t starts automatically.<br />

3. THE REST IS AUTOMATIC<br />

• Automatic dispersion<br />

• Automatic measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

• Automatic analysis<br />

• Automatic report g<strong>en</strong>eration<br />

DONE!<br />

6


ADAPTABLE<br />

FRITSCH-Plus Op<strong>en</strong> configuration of the measuring processes – SOPs<br />

The software of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> contains completely predefined Standard Operating Procedures - SOPs for<br />

short - for nearly all typical measurem<strong>en</strong>t tasks. Via a well-arranged input mask, you are completely free and<br />

fl exible to modify these SOPs to perfectly suit your measurem<strong>en</strong>t requirem<strong>en</strong>ts: The dispersion process and<br />

duration, measuring frequ<strong>en</strong>cy, time intervals and many other parameters can be easily selected and saved<br />

as separate SOPs. Your advantage: a completely new level of freedom in structuring the <strong>en</strong>tire dispersion and<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t process.<br />

Especially safe: You can assign individual usage permissions for each SOP to <strong>en</strong>sure that no unauthorised<br />

changes can be made by the operator while performing the measurem<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

WE ASSIST YOU!<br />

Upon installation of your <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong>, we show you how easy it is to create your own SOPs. You can<br />

also s<strong>en</strong>d us your sample for a free-of-charge sample measurem<strong>en</strong>t, and along with the result, receive the<br />

parameters for a corresponding SOP. Or simply give us a call – we would be happy to advise you and help you<br />

with the determination of the optimal dispersion process for your particular measurem<strong>en</strong>t tasks, which you<br />

can th<strong>en</strong> save as an SOP.<br />

+49 67 84 70 138<br />

7


FRITSCH Service <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> und Beratung <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

• Measuring range 0.08 – 2000 μm<br />

• Especially high measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision<br />

• Revolutionary dual-laser technology<br />

• Practical modular system<br />

• Quick change betwe<strong>en</strong> wet and dry measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

• Simple cleaning<br />

• Small footprint<br />

FLEXIBLE ALL-ROUNDER FOR ALL TASKS<br />

The <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus is the ideal, compact,<br />

all-round Laser Particle Sizer attractively priced for all typical<br />

applications. For example for handling your own quality<br />

and production control. An interesting alternative ev<strong>en</strong> for<br />

small and medium-sized companies. And it‘s worth making<br />

a comparison!<br />

Variable measuring range<br />

With the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus, you can easily and<br />

fully automatically choose betwe<strong>en</strong> two individual measuring<br />

ranges or combine the two into a third option.<br />

Your advantage: maximum fl exibility and a total measuring<br />

range of 0.08 – 2000 µm in a single instrum<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

Maximum resolution within a compact unit<br />

The <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus measures with two<br />

lasers. The detector captures 108 measuring channels. Your<br />

advantage: maximum measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision and outstanding<br />

resolution within a compact unit.<br />

8


0.08 – 2000 µm<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus – Practical modular system: measuring unit with separate dry dispersion unit<br />

FRITSCH-IDEA: TWO LASERS IN ONE INSTRUMENT<br />

In the FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus, a semi conductor<br />

laser with gre<strong>en</strong> light carries out the measurem<strong>en</strong>t of<br />

small particles, while an infrared-semiconductor laser handles<br />

large particle size ranges. Both lasers can be optimally<br />

aligned extremely quickly, automatically and indep<strong>en</strong>d<strong>en</strong>tly of<br />

each other through lateral motion. Your advantage: the ideal<br />

wavel<strong>en</strong>gth for every particle size and an ideal combination<br />

of large measuring range, outstanding resolution and small<br />

footprint.<br />

IR laser<br />

Gre<strong>en</strong> laser<br />

Detector<br />

Measuring cell<br />

Measurem<strong>en</strong>t design for the lower particle size range<br />

Brilliant FRITSCH-idea: With redirection of the long wavel<strong>en</strong>gth<br />

red laser beam, the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus allows for<br />

maximum measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision ev<strong>en</strong> for large particles<br />

within a compact unit. To switch to the measurem<strong>en</strong>t of small<br />

particles in the short wavel<strong>en</strong>gth gre<strong>en</strong> laser, the detector and<br />

the laser source are simply moved as a unit – the measuring<br />

cell remains fixed in place.<br />

IR laser<br />

Measuring cell<br />

Gre<strong>en</strong> laser<br />

Detector<br />

Measurem<strong>en</strong>t design for the upper particle size range<br />

9


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

• Measurem<strong>en</strong>t of ev<strong>en</strong> nano-particles in an extremely wide measuring<br />

range of 0.01 – 2000 μm<br />

• Triple-laser technology for forward and backward scattering<br />

• Especially high measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision through the analysis of 165 channels<br />

• Fast, automatic particle size analysis<br />

• Practical modular system<br />

• Quick change betwe<strong>en</strong> wet and dry measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

• Fast and simple cleaning<br />

HIGH-END DOWN TO THE NANO RANGE<br />

With a total measuring range of 0.01 – 2000 µm in a<br />

single instrum<strong>en</strong>t, the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

is the ideal, universally applicable Laser Particle Sizer<br />

for the effective and reliable determination of particle<br />

size distributions. Innovative FRITSCH laser technology<br />

makes it possible to separately select 5 differ<strong>en</strong>t<br />

measuring ranges. For elegant measurem<strong>en</strong>ts with<br />

maximum flexibility, highest resolution, outstanding<br />

s<strong>en</strong>sitivity - and perfect results down to the nano range.<br />

5 measuring ranges without optical conversion<br />

With your <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus, you can choose<br />

betwe<strong>en</strong> three measurem<strong>en</strong>t positions of the measuring<br />

cell, allowing measurem<strong>en</strong>ts in 5 differ<strong>en</strong>t measuring ranges<br />

without modifi cation. Your advantage: optimal adaptation of<br />

the particle size measurem<strong>en</strong>t to your sample.<br />

Highest measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision with all detectors<br />

The elegant FRITSCH measuring solution: Regardless of<br />

the measurem<strong>en</strong>t position you select, the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

<strong>NanoTec</strong> plus always uses all 57 measuring channels of the<br />

detector. By combining the various measurem<strong>en</strong>t positions, it<br />

is possible to perform measurem<strong>en</strong>ts with up to 165 effective<br />

channels. Your advantage: a particularly high resolution and<br />

s<strong>en</strong>sitivity.<br />

10


0.01 – 2000 µm<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus – Practical modular system: measuring unit with separate wet dispersion unit<br />

FRITSCH-IDEA: A THIRD LASER FOR MEASURING<br />

THE BACKWARD SCATTERING<br />

To ext<strong>en</strong>d the particle size determination down to the nano<br />

range, it is necessary to detect the light that scatters backward.<br />

And the FRITSCH solution for this is simply brilliant: a<br />

third laser beam utilises backward scattering for the measurem<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

This beam irradiates the sample positioned directly in<br />

front of the detector through a micro-hole in the c<strong>en</strong>tre of the<br />

detector. Your advantage: the uniquely large measuring range<br />

of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus with a lower measuring<br />

limit of approximately 0.01 µm. And instead of a weak diode<br />

a real int<strong>en</strong>sive laser for backward scattering.<br />

IR laser<br />

Detector<br />

Gre<strong>en</strong> laser<br />

Measuring cell<br />

Zeichnung noch inhaltlich abzustimm<strong>en</strong><br />

Gre<strong>en</strong> backward laser<br />

Measurem<strong>en</strong>t design for the nano particle size range<br />

11


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> Dispersion<br />

DISPERSION<br />

Modular design – maximum flexibility<br />

Basically, any particle size measurem<strong>en</strong>t is only as good as its dispersion. For this reason, we place great<br />

importance on this aspect and bring all our experi<strong>en</strong>ce to bear. The result: an especially practical modular<br />

system for a fast, perfect dry and wet dispersion in both <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> models.<br />

FRITSCH-Plus<br />

Modular concept<br />

All dispersion modules of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> can be<br />

connected to the measuring unit individually or in combination.<br />

Dep<strong>en</strong>ding on the measurem<strong>en</strong>t task, choose betwe<strong>en</strong> a wet<br />

or dry dispersion unit. The small volume wet dispersion unit<br />

is available for the wet dispersion of very small quantities,<br />

and the falling chute can be used for dry measurem<strong>en</strong>ts of<br />

agglomerates or free-fl owing materials. It is therefore easy<br />

to quickly modify your <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> at any time for new<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t tasks.<br />

FRITSCH-Plus<br />

Time-saving fast-switch-system<br />

The measuring cells of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> are located<br />

in practical cartridges that can be easily exchanged wh<strong>en</strong><br />

switching betwe<strong>en</strong> wet and dry measurem<strong>en</strong>ts – without<br />

changing any hoses or modifying the instrum<strong>en</strong>t! With this<br />

system ev<strong>en</strong> the cleaning of the measuring cell is like child‘s<br />

play. Plus, wh<strong>en</strong>ever you are not using the cartridge, it can be<br />

easily stored within the respective dispersion unit. Perfectly<br />

neat and tidy.<br />

Wet<br />

dispersion<br />

unit<br />

Small volume<br />

wet dispersion<br />

unit<br />

Dry<br />

dispersion<br />

unit<br />

Falling chute<br />

THE MODULES<br />

12


Well-conceived: practical fast-switchsystem<br />

for changing betwe<strong>en</strong> the differ<strong>en</strong>t<br />

dispersion units<br />

FRITSCH-Plus<br />

Full flexibility and fast work<br />

Standard programmes for simple operation, freely programmable<br />

dispersion and measurem<strong>en</strong>t processes,<br />

especially fast and effi ci<strong>en</strong>t automatic cleaning and many<br />

other advantages simplify your work and <strong>en</strong>sure high-quality<br />

measuring results.<br />

FRITSCH-Tip: The matching dispersion<br />

Wet dispersion is the ideal method for about 80% of all<br />

samples. For easily soluble samples or samples that<br />

swell signifi cantly, dry dispersion or the FRITSCH falling<br />

chute is the right solution. Just ask us – we are happy<br />

to advise you!<br />

Practical cartridges with measuring cells for switching betwe<strong>en</strong> the individual dispersion units.<br />

13


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> Dispersion<br />

WET DISPERSION UNIT<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

• Freely adjustable ultrasonic-int<strong>en</strong>sity for optimal dispersion<br />

• Automatic rinsing cycle adaptable to each sample material<br />

• Free programmability for maximum flexibility<br />

• Variable susp<strong>en</strong>sion volume with a total volume betwe<strong>en</strong> 300 and 500 ml<br />

• B<strong>en</strong>z<strong>en</strong>e, alcohol and many organic solv<strong>en</strong>ts can also be used as susp<strong>en</strong>sion<br />

liquids as a standard feature<br />

• Simple and fast cleaning of the measuring cell<br />

WET DISPERSION:<br />

THE IDEAL STANDARD SOLUTION<br />

For about 80% of all samples, wet dispersion repres<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

the ideal method for perfect dispersion. Therefore the<br />

samples are feed into a closed liquid circulation system.<br />

An integrated and freely programmable ultrasonic emitter<br />

<strong>en</strong>sures fast and extremely effici<strong>en</strong>t degradation of the<br />

agglomerates – precisely adapted to each sample. Due<br />

to the integrated water connection, the unit can be<br />

automatically cleaned and refilled with new, clean liquid<br />

after each measurem<strong>en</strong>t. And is quickly ready again for<br />

the next measurem<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

Powerful pump<br />

A powerful c<strong>en</strong>trifugal pump with individually variable speed<br />

<strong>en</strong>sures optimal transport of ev<strong>en</strong> d<strong>en</strong>se, heavy particles<br />

within the wet dispersion unit of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong>.<br />

Illuminated ultrasonic bath<br />

Due to illumination of the ergonomically positioned and<br />

easily accessible ultrasonic bath offers an outstanding<br />

observance of the dispersion process. This makes it<br />

incredibly easy to feed the sample into the measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

circuit.<br />

Parameter: Water quality<br />

G<strong>en</strong>erally, normal tap water is <strong>en</strong>tirely suffi ci<strong>en</strong>t for wet<br />

dispersion. In rare cases, it may be necessary to use distilled<br />

water. Just ask us – we are happy to advise you!<br />

14


Small volume wet dispersion unit<br />

and wet dispersion unit in the front<br />

SMALL VOLUME WET DISPERSION UNIT<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

• Especially practical transpar<strong>en</strong>t glass container for checking the sample<br />

• Manually controlled c<strong>en</strong>trifugal pump for g<strong>en</strong>tle transport of the sample<br />

• The measurem<strong>en</strong>t circuit is without dead space and can be easily rinsed with a single-lever valve (4/2-way ball valve)<br />

• All parts coming into contact with the liquid are made of steel, PTFE, glass, FFPM (Kalrez ® ) or Norpr<strong>en</strong>e ®<br />

If an organic solv<strong>en</strong>t must be used for a specifi c sample material or if only minimal sample quantities are available, the use<br />

of a solv<strong>en</strong>t-compatible dispersion unit with low volume can be advantageous. For this purpose, FRITSCH offers the small<br />

volume wet dispersion unit with roughly 100 ml total volume as the ideal supplem<strong>en</strong>t for measurem<strong>en</strong>ts in solv<strong>en</strong>ts up to<br />

a particle size of about 600 µm. With intuitive manual operation guided by the software of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> – for fast,<br />

easy operation.<br />

15


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> Dispersion<br />

DRY DISPERSION UNIT<br />

YOUR ADVANTAGES<br />

• Fast measurem<strong>en</strong>t of powdery samples in an accelerated air flow<br />

• For sample volumes from less than 1 cm 3 to approx. 100 cm 3<br />

• Effici<strong>en</strong>t degradation of agglomerates with a special annular gap V<strong>en</strong>turi nozzle<br />

• No impact areas – protection against comminution of the particles<br />

• Perfect sample feeding with high-frequ<strong>en</strong>cy feeder<br />

• Automatic computer-controlled adjustm<strong>en</strong>t of the dispersion pressure<br />

• Fully automatic measurem<strong>en</strong>t processes freely programmable<br />

• Especially fast and easy to clean<br />

DRY DISPERSION:<br />

FAST AND EASY<br />

Dry dispersion is especially suited for not too fine, freeflowing<br />

materials, which react in water or other liquids.<br />

The sample material is transported with a vibratory<br />

feeder through the intake funnel into the dry measuring<br />

cell, where it falls directly into a V<strong>en</strong>turi nozzle operating<br />

with an adjustable flow of compressed air. Upon passing<br />

through the nozzle, agglomerates are brok<strong>en</strong> up and the<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t of the particle size distribution in the laser<br />

beam takes place directly behind it. G<strong>en</strong>erally, larger<br />

sample volumes are required for dry dispersion; however,<br />

it is also easier to obtain a repres<strong>en</strong>tative analysis.<br />

Multifunctional exhaust system<br />

The integrated exhaust system of the dry dispersion unit<br />

<strong>en</strong>sures automatic sample exhaust during the measurem<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

After completion of the measurem<strong>en</strong>t, it can also be<br />

easily used for manual cleaning of the feeder.<br />

Integrated feeding<br />

An electronically controlled high-frequ<strong>en</strong>cy feeder <strong>en</strong>sures<br />

automatic continuous feeding of powdery samples without<br />

residues wh<strong>en</strong> using the dry dispersion unit or the FRITSCH<br />

falling chute.<br />

Note: For the operation of the dry dispersion unit, an oil-,<br />

water- and particle-free supply of compressed air with a<br />

pressure of at least 5 bar and a flow rate of at least 125 l/min<br />

is required. An external exhaust system is necessary to<br />

vacuum the sample material, which can be ordered as a<br />

FRITSCH accessory together with the instrum<strong>en</strong>t.<br />

High-frequ<strong>en</strong>cy feeder<br />

for automatic sample<br />

feeding for the dry<br />

dispersion unit and<br />

falling chute<br />

16


Digital display for<br />

precise adjustm<strong>en</strong>t<br />

of the spacing<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus measuring unit with dry dispersion unit<br />

WORKING WITHOUT COMPRESSED AIR –<br />

THE FRITSCH FALLING CHUTE<br />

For the measurem<strong>en</strong>t of agglomerates of dry powder or for determining particle<br />

size distributions of free-fl owing, coarse-grained materials which you would like<br />

to measure without dispersion, we have developed the FRITSCH falling chute.<br />

In this case, the sample is transported with an electronically controlled<br />

feeder directly above the intake funnel of the falling chute, from where it falls<br />

directly into the measuring cell and is measured by the laser beam without any<br />

dispersion at all. Afterward, the integrated exhaust system <strong>en</strong>sures automatic<br />

exhausting of the sample.<br />

Our tip: Dep<strong>en</strong>ding on the sample material, where compressed air connection<br />

is unavailable, the FRITSCH falling chute is an option.<br />

FRITSCH falling chute<br />

for dry measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

without dispersion or<br />

compressed air<br />

17


FRITSCH Software <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

Software<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> is delivered automatically with the matching software,<br />

which guides you through the <strong>en</strong>tire measurem<strong>en</strong>t process in an easyto-learn<br />

and largely self-explanatory manner. Simple, flexible, reliable.<br />

PERFECT ANALYSIS<br />

THE FACTS<br />

The special FRITSCH MaS control software is based<br />

on a relational database in which all user <strong>en</strong>tries,<br />

parameters and results are securely stored and safe<br />

from manipulation. Predefined Standard Operating<br />

Procedures (SOPs) regulate many typical measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

processes. Own SOPs can be completely freely defined.<br />

The report g<strong>en</strong>erator allows your measurem<strong>en</strong>t reports<br />

to be organised exactly according to your needs. The<br />

integration into a local computer network is also a<br />

simple matter. Your advantage: all measuring data can<br />

be conv<strong>en</strong>i<strong>en</strong>tly analysed on differ<strong>en</strong>t computers.<br />

• Simple, clear organisation of the measuring data<br />

• Fast, clear comparison of differ<strong>en</strong>t measurem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

• All relevant information available at a glance<br />

• Analysis according to Fraunhofer or Mie theory<br />

• Control of the measurem<strong>en</strong>t process via SOPs<br />

• Individual reports and layouts<br />

• Freely selectable user values issued in a table format<br />

• Manual <strong>en</strong>try of comparison data is possible<br />

• Consideration of sieving results<br />

• Data export to Excel TM and in XML format<br />

• SQL database<br />

• CFR 21 part 11 included as a standard feature<br />

• Intuitive operation via c<strong>en</strong>tral navigation area<br />

• Easy-to-learn thanks to use of the Microsoft Office<br />

standard<br />

• User interface multi-lingual<br />

18


DATA MANAGEMENT<br />

AND USER RIGHTS<br />

FLEXIBLE<br />

REPORT RT GENERATOR<br />

R<br />

All results and templates are stored in a SQL database that<br />

is tamper-proof. By individually assigning user permissions,<br />

you can separately defi ne access to data or the ability to<br />

alter measurem<strong>en</strong>t processes for each individual user.<br />

If the computer connected to the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> has network<br />

access, the measuring results can also be viewed at any time<br />

from other network computers. Simple, secure, reliable. e.<br />

In addition to integrated t standard d reports, the freely editable<br />

report g<strong>en</strong>erator offers fl exible options for displaying the<br />

measuring results according to your individual needs. The<br />

reports can integrate graphs as well as all measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

parameters, statistical values or selected measured values.<br />

19


FRITSCH Certified Reproducibility and Measurem<strong>en</strong>t Accuracy<br />

ISO 13320<br />

All FRITSCH Laser Particle Sizers meet the strict requirem<strong>en</strong>ts of ISO 13320<br />

in regard to repeatability, reproducibility and measurem<strong>en</strong>t precision. And<br />

in fact, they exceed these requirem<strong>en</strong>ts. Typically FRITSCH.<br />

SURPASSING THE STANDARD<br />

THE ISO 13320 DEFINES<br />

Repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy of measuring<br />

results are of c<strong>en</strong>tral importance in practical applications.<br />

In this regard, you can rely on the inspection of all FRITSCH<br />

Laser Particle Sizers according to ISO 13320 Particle Size<br />

Analysis – Laser Diffraction Methods. As a guideline for the<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t of particle size distribution with Laser Particle<br />

Sizers, this norm specifies the minimum standards, which<br />

are significantly exceeded by all FRITSCH instrum<strong>en</strong>ts, and<br />

regulates their easy verification.<br />

• The fundam<strong>en</strong>tal measuring principle<br />

• The optical arrangem<strong>en</strong>t of Laser Diffraction Instrum<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

• The key instrum<strong>en</strong>t parameters for users to <strong>en</strong>sure quick<br />

comparison of differ<strong>en</strong>t instrum<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

• Important details on use of the physical theories of light<br />

scattering, in particular Mie theory or Fraunhofer theory<br />

• Inspection of the minimum requirem<strong>en</strong>ts for repeatability<br />

and accuracy with suitable standard materials<br />

20


100<br />

80<br />

60<br />

40<br />

% Undersize<br />

X - Electroformed Sieve Analysis<br />

L - Electroformed Sieve Analysi<br />

s<br />

X - Electroformed Sieve Analysis<br />

C - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

M -<br />

Coul ter Co<br />

ounte<br />

r<br />

J - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

D - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

X - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

U - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

W - Coulter Counte<br />

r<br />

F - Microscopy<br />

Q - Micr<br />

oscop<br />

py<br />

X1- Microscopy<br />

X1 - Microscopy<br />

20<br />

0<br />

20 25 30 35 40 45<br />

50<br />

55<br />

5 60 65 70<br />

Size (μm)<br />

REFERENCE MATERIALS<br />

The particle size measurem<strong>en</strong>t using laser diffraction is based<br />

on fundam<strong>en</strong>tal physical relationships, meaning that calibration<br />

of the instrum<strong>en</strong>t is not necessary, strictly speaking.<br />

Nevertheless, the measuring instrum<strong>en</strong>t should be inspected<br />

regularly to <strong>en</strong>sure proper function. This is done with refer<strong>en</strong>ce<br />

materials with a spherical shape that permit precise determination<br />

of the particle size with the help of laser diffraction.<br />

Refer<strong>en</strong>ce materials for inspecting<br />

the measuring system<br />

The refer<strong>en</strong>ce materials offered by FRITSCH are delivered<br />

along with precise dispersion and measurem<strong>en</strong>t instructions<br />

and are accompanied by a certifi cate that states the upper<br />

and lower limits of the expected particle sizes. These limit<br />

values were determined using an internationally recognised<br />

process (NIST-traceable).<br />

Measured cumulative distribution curve for a certifi ed refer<strong>en</strong>ce material<br />

21


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus/<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

TECHNICAL DATA<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus/<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

Measuring range<br />

Laser<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus<br />

0.08 – 2000 µm<br />

Selectable measuring ranges:<br />

0.08 – 45 µm / 15 – 2000 µm /<br />

0.08 – 2000 µm<br />

Two semiconductor lasers<br />

Gre<strong>en</strong> (λ = 532 nm, 7 mW),<br />

IR (λ = 940 nm, 9 mW)<br />

Linear polarisation<br />

10000 hours average lifetime<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

Wet dispersion: 0.01 – 2000 µm<br />

Dry dispersion: 0.1 – 2000 µm<br />

Selectable measuring ranges:<br />

0.01 – 45 µm / 0.08 – 45 µm / 15 – 2000 µm /<br />

0.01 – 2000 µm / 0.08 – 2000 µm<br />

Three semiconductor lasers<br />

2 x gre<strong>en</strong> (λ = 532 nm, 7 mW),<br />

1 x IR (λ = 940 nm, 9 mW)<br />

Linear polarisation<br />

10000 hours average lifetime<br />

Number of particle size classes Max. 108 Max. 165<br />

Optical arrangem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

Fourier l<strong>en</strong>ses<br />

Laser beam alignm<strong>en</strong>t<br />

Inverse Fourier design<br />

Movable measuring cell (FRITSCH pat<strong>en</strong>t)<br />

260 mm and 560 mm focal l<strong>en</strong>gth (gre<strong>en</strong> or infrared)<br />

10 mm diameter of the laser beam in the Fourier l<strong>en</strong>s<br />

Automatic<br />

Laser protection class 1 (according to EN 60825)<br />

S<strong>en</strong>sor<br />

Typical measuring time<br />

2 segm<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

1 x for vertical and 1 x for horizontal direction of the laser light polarisation<br />

57 elem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

5 – 10 s (measurem<strong>en</strong>t value recording of a single measurem<strong>en</strong>t)<br />

2 min (<strong>en</strong>tire measuring cycle)<br />

Wet dispersion unit<br />

Susp<strong>en</strong>sion volume 300 – 500 cm 3<br />

Radial pump with adjustable speed<br />

Ultrasonic with adjustable output (max. 60 W)<br />

Materials used in the sample circuit: stainless steel, PTFE, BK7 glass, Norpr<strong>en</strong>e ® -hoses<br />

Small volume wet dispersion unit<br />

Dry dispersion unit<br />

Falling chute<br />

Required computer<br />

Dim<strong>en</strong>sions (w x d x h)<br />

Weight<br />

Susp<strong>en</strong>sion volume approx. 100 ml<br />

Radial pump with adjustable speed<br />

Max. particle size approx. 600 µm (dep<strong>en</strong>ding on the material)<br />

Materials used in the sample circuit: steel, PTFE, glass, FFPM (Kalrez ® ), Norpr<strong>en</strong>e ®<br />

Sample volume < 1 – 100 cm 3<br />

High-frequ<strong>en</strong>cy feeder<br />

Annular gap V<strong>en</strong>turi nozzle<br />

Required compressed air supply: Min. 5 bar, 125 l/min, oil-free, water-free, particle-free<br />

External exhaust system required<br />

Sample volume 1 – 100 cm 3<br />

High-frequ<strong>en</strong>cy feeder<br />

External exhaust system required<br />

Standard Windows-PC, at least 500 MB free hard drive space, 1 GB RAM,<br />

Windows XP (curr<strong>en</strong>t service pack), Windows 7, USB-interface, at least 19“ monitor<br />

53 x 62 x 35 – 55 cm (MicroTec plus measuring unit, dep<strong>en</strong>ding on confi guration)<br />

68 x 62 x 35 – 55 cm (<strong>NanoTec</strong> plus measuring unit, dep<strong>en</strong>ding on confi guration)<br />

32 x 62 x 44 cm (wet dispersion unit)<br />

Ø 14 x 33 cm (small volume wet dispersion unit)<br />

36 x 65 x 37 cm (dry dispersion unit)<br />

36 x 65 x 37 cm (falling chute)<br />

38.4 – 43 kg (MicroTec plus measuring unit, dep<strong>en</strong>ding on confi guration)<br />

48 – 52.6 kg (<strong>NanoTec</strong> plus measuring unit, dep<strong>en</strong>ding on confi guration)<br />

30.8 kg (wet dispersion unit)<br />

8 kg (small volume wet dispersion unit)<br />

25 kg (dry dispersion unit)<br />

24.6 kg (falling chute)<br />

<strong>22</strong>


FRITSCH <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

ORDERING DATA<br />

Order No. Article<br />

LASER PARTICLE SIZERS<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

Order No. Article<br />

EXHAUST SYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENTS WITH THE DRY<br />

DISPERSION UNIT AND THE FALLING CHUTE<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

MEASURING UNITS<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8400.00 Measuring unit <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus<br />

With USB-interface<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 50 Watt<br />

<strong>22</strong>.2400.00 Measuring unit <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

With USB-interface<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 50 Watt<br />

DISPERSION UNITS<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8500.00 Wet dispersion unit<br />

300-500 ml ultrasonic bath, feed pump and fl ow measuring cell<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 100 Watt<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8600.00 Dry dispersion unit<br />

For dispersion in a free jet with pre-dispersion<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 50 Watt<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8900.00 Falling chute<br />

For feeding of free-fl owing samples<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 50 Watt<br />

43.9050.00 Dust category ”M” according to DIN EN 60335-2-69<br />

For 230 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 1000 Watt<br />

43.9010.00 With hose and ultra-fi ne fi lter, dust category ”H”<br />

according to DIN EN 60335-2-69<br />

For 230 V/1~, 50-60 Hz<br />

Spare parts for exhaust systems for measurem<strong>en</strong>ts<br />

with the dry dispersion unit and the falling chute<br />

43.9055.00 Paper fi lter bag (pack = 5 pieces) for exhaust system 43.9050.00<br />

43.9052.00 Plastic bag (pack = 5 pieces) for exhaust system 43.9050.00<br />

43.9051.00 Filter set polyester for exhaust system 43.9050.00<br />

43.9011.00 Disposal bag (pack = 10 pieces) for exhaust system 43.9010.00<br />

43.9012.00 Safety bag (pack = 5 pieces) for exhaust system 43.9010.00<br />

43.9013.00 Ultra-fi ne fi lter for exhaust system 43.9010.00<br />

Order No. Article<br />

CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS AND CERTIFICATES<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8670.00 Conversion kit to use the dry dispersion unit as a falling chute<br />

For feeding of free-fl owing samples<br />

For 100-120/200-240 V/1~, 50-60 Hz<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8599.00 Small volume wet dispersion unit<br />

Incl. cartridge with cpl. fl ow measuring cell<br />

For 230 V/1~, 50-60 Hz, 35 Watt<br />

(Transformer to adapt line voltage on request!)<br />

SPARE PARTS<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> MicroTec plus / <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8570.00 Cartridge<br />

With cpl. fl ow measuring cell for wet dispersion unit<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8590.00 Cartridge<br />

With cpl. fl ow measuring cell for small volume wet dispersion unit<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8560.00 Flow measuring cell<br />

Cpl. for wet dispersion units<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8566.26 Measuring cell glass<br />

4 mm for <strong>22</strong>.8560.00<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8561.00 Measuring cell glass<br />

Cpl. 12 mm for <strong>22</strong>.8560.00<br />

84.0095.15 O-ring<br />

64 mm x 1.5 mm for fl ow measuring cell<br />

84.0315.15 O-ring<br />

25 mm x 2.5 mm for fl ow measuring cell<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8640.00 Cartridge<br />

With cpl. dry measuring cell for dry dispersion unit<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8670.00 Cartridge<br />

With cpl. dry measuring cell for falling chute<br />

<strong>22</strong>.8650.00 Dry measuring cell<br />

Cpl. for dry dispersion unit and falling chute<br />

<strong>22</strong>.0430.26 Measuring cell glass<br />

For <strong>22</strong>.8650.00<br />

Certified refer<strong>en</strong>ce materials for performance verification according to<br />

ISO 13320<br />

85.<strong>22</strong>20.00 Test powder for wet dispersion (Box with 10 single-shots 0.5 g)<br />

85.<strong>22</strong>30.00 Test powder for dry dispersion (Box with 10 single-shots 5 g)<br />

85.<strong>22</strong>40.00 Test susp<strong>en</strong>sion nano for system check (Box with 10 single-shots 5 ml)<br />

85.<strong>22</strong>50.00 Test susp<strong>en</strong>sion 1 µm for system check (Box with 10 single-shots 5 ml)<br />

85.<strong>22</strong>60.00 Test susp<strong>en</strong>sion 10 µm for system check (Box with 10 single-shots 5 ml)<br />

Certificates for tests according to ISO 13320<br />

96.0080.00 Performance verifi cation for wet dispersion<br />

96.0081.00 Performance verifi cation for dry dispersion<br />

96.1000.00 Set of IQ/OQ blank forms (standards not included)<br />

Sample division<br />

For repres<strong>en</strong>tative sample division, we recomm<strong>en</strong>d the Rotary Cone Sample Divider<br />

LABORETTE 27 – the foundation of any precise analysis.<br />

More information is available at www.fritsch.de.<br />

The FRITSCH Laser Particle Sizers include the software for the control, recording of<br />

data and evaluation.<br />

Maint<strong>en</strong>ance and recalibration of your Laser Particle Sizers on request.<br />

Computers, colour ink jet printer and laser printer on request.<br />

Technical specifications are subject to change without notice.<br />

23


FRITSCH Brief Introduction to Laser Particle Size Measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO LASER PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENT<br />

P RINCIPLE OF LASER DIFFRACTION<br />

Particle measurem<strong>en</strong>t with laser diffraction is actually very simple: to measure<br />

the size of a particle, a laser beam is directed at it. The partial deflection of the<br />

laser light results in a characteristic, ring-shaped int<strong>en</strong>sity distribution behind<br />

the sample which is measured by a specially shaped detector. The particle<br />

size is calculated based on the spacing of these rings: large particles produce<br />

closely situated rings; small particles produce more widely spaced rings. That<br />

is the principle.<br />

Laser Measuring cell Detector<br />

BAS I C CON C EPTS<br />

The illumination of a particle with light results in various effects that collectively<br />

lead to a weak<strong>en</strong>ing of the light beam. This extinction is ess<strong>en</strong>tially the sum of<br />

absorption and deflection of the light from the original direction.<br />

In the absorption, the particle takes up a portion of the electromagnetic <strong>en</strong>ergy from<br />

the light and converts it primarily into heat. This ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>on plays a large role in<br />

Mie theory.<br />

Laser beam<br />

Particle<br />

Three differ<strong>en</strong>t effects fundam<strong>en</strong>tally contribute to the deflection of the<br />

incoming light: diffraction, reflection and refraction.<br />

• To understand the diffraction it is necessary to imagine the light beam as a broad<br />

wave front. Wh<strong>en</strong> this wave front <strong>en</strong>counters a particle, new waves are produced<br />

at its edges which run in differ<strong>en</strong>t directions. The overlapping (interfer<strong>en</strong>ce) of the<br />

many new waves results in a characteristic diffraction pattern behind the particle<br />

which is uniquely determined by the diameter of the particle. Its exact progression<br />

is described by Fraunhofer theory.<br />

• The reflection occurs mostly on the surface of a particle – according to the law<br />

which states: angle of incid<strong>en</strong>ce is equal to angle of refl ection. This portion of the<br />

scattered light cannot be used for particle size determination.<br />

• Refraction involves the changing of the light beam direction at a transition<br />

betwe<strong>en</strong> two materials with differ<strong>en</strong>t indexes of refraction. A light beam that hits<br />

a rain drop, for example, is fi rst refracted toward the middle of the drop and th<strong>en</strong><br />

repeatedly reflected into the drop again upon <strong>en</strong>countering the drop‘s outer edge.<br />

A portion of the light also escapes the drop during each refl ection.<br />

Incoming light beam<br />

Refl ected<br />

beam<br />

Refracted<br />

beam<br />

Partial<br />

refl ection<br />

to the<br />

inside<br />

24


DES I G N O F A LAS ER PARTIC LE S IZER<br />

A significant compon<strong>en</strong>t of every Laser Particle Sizer is the Fourier l<strong>en</strong>s that<br />

focuses the scattered light of the laser within the beam path onto the detector.<br />

Its position defines the key differ<strong>en</strong>ce betwe<strong>en</strong> a conv<strong>en</strong>tional design and the<br />

Inverse Fourier design.<br />

• Conv<strong>en</strong>tional Design<br />

In the conv<strong>en</strong>tional arrangem<strong>en</strong>t, the Fourier l<strong>en</strong>s is situated betwe<strong>en</strong> the detector<br />

and the measuring cell, through which a wide, parallel laser beam passes. The<br />

disadvantage: only a limited particle size range can be detected, and in order to<br />

change the measurem<strong>en</strong>t, it is necessary to change the l<strong>en</strong>s and adjust it very<br />

precisely. Also, the ability to measure large scattering angles for particularly small<br />

particles is severely limited.<br />

Laser<br />

Fourier<br />

l<strong>en</strong>s Detector<br />

Measuring cell<br />

Parallel laser beam<br />

f<br />

f<br />

• FRITSCH Technology: Inverse Fourier Design<br />

25 years ago, FRITSCH was the fi rst company in the industry to bring a<br />

revolutionary alternative to the conv<strong>en</strong>tional design onto the market in the form of<br />

a converg<strong>en</strong>t laser beam: by positioning the Fourier l<strong>en</strong>s in front of the measuring<br />

cell, a converg<strong>en</strong>t laser beam passes through the measuring cell. The scattered<br />

light is focused directly onto the detector without additional optical elem<strong>en</strong>ts. This<br />

design is now in widespread use, and most manufacturers use a main detector<br />

for capturing the small scattering angles for measuring of large particles. For the<br />

large scattering angles of small particles, a side detector system must th<strong>en</strong> be<br />

integrated, g<strong>en</strong>erally consisting of only a few detector elem<strong>en</strong>ts. FRITSCH has<br />

progressed another step further.<br />

Fourier<br />

l<strong>en</strong>s<br />

Measuring cell<br />

Converg<strong>en</strong>t<br />

laser beam<br />

Main<br />

detector<br />

DIS PERS I O N<br />

An optimally dispersed sample is a basic prerequisite for reliable determination of<br />

the particle size distribution. In most cases, agglomerates must be brok<strong>en</strong> up and<br />

the correct particle conc<strong>en</strong>tration of the sample material must be established. In<br />

principle, the dispersion process can take place within an air fl ow (dry dispersion)<br />

or in a liquid (wet dispersion). Dry dispersion is especially suited for not too fi ne,<br />

free-fl owing materials, which react in water or other liquids. The required sample<br />

quantity for dry dispersion is normally signifi cantly larger than for wet dispersion;<br />

however, this does make it easy to obtain a repres<strong>en</strong>tative sample. Wet dispersion<br />

must be used for many materials. These include sticky materials such as clay<br />

or materials that t<strong>en</strong>d to agglomerate wh<strong>en</strong> dry. Ev<strong>en</strong> for very fi ne powders with<br />

particle sizes below about 10 µm, it is oft<strong>en</strong> not possible to completely break up the<br />

agglomerates using dry dispersion. In this case, wet dispersion also repres<strong>en</strong>ts the<br />

considerably more effective and fl exible alternative. Thanks to the modular design<br />

of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong> and due to the design of the measuring cell cartridge, it is<br />

possible to switch very quickly betwe<strong>en</strong> wet and dry measurem<strong>en</strong>ts.<br />

25


FRITSCH Brief Introduction to Laser Particle Size Measurem<strong>en</strong>t<br />

• FRITSCH Technology: Simple Measurem<strong>en</strong>t of the Backward Scattering<br />

Another advantage of the FRITSCH pat<strong>en</strong>t: the measuring cell can be positioned<br />

directly in front of the detector to measure the very small particles below 100<br />

nanometres (nm) of particle diameter. Through a small op<strong>en</strong>ing at the c<strong>en</strong>tre of<br />

the detector, the sample is irradiated by a second laser beam from behind and the<br />

backward scattered light can be captured with the full resolution of the detector<br />

under very favourable geometric conditions. The result: a very effici<strong>en</strong>t and precise<br />

measurem<strong>en</strong>t of the backward scattering without complicated coordination of<br />

various detector systems.<br />

Measuring<br />

cell<br />

Detector<br />

Fourier<br />

l<strong>en</strong>s<br />

Laser for<br />

backward scattering<br />

THEO RIES FO R ANALYS I S<br />

The actual result of a particle size measurem<strong>en</strong>t is only created through analysis<br />

with the supplied FRITSCH software. Dep<strong>en</strong>ding on the particle properties and<br />

requirem<strong>en</strong>ts, two common analysis theories are used for this: Fraunhofer<br />

theory for larger particles wh<strong>en</strong> their exact optical parameters are unknown<br />

and Mie theory for the smallest particles with known optical parameters. It is<br />

very easy to select both theories in the FRITSCH MaS control software.<br />

The Fraunhofer Theory<br />

Fraunhofer theory describes the portion of light defl ection that occurs exclusively<br />

as a result of diffraction. If light <strong>en</strong>counters an obstacle or an op<strong>en</strong>ing, this results<br />

in diffraction and interfer<strong>en</strong>ce effects. If the incoming light is parallel (ev<strong>en</strong> wave<br />

fronts), this is referred to as Fraunhofer diffraction. This is always the case if the<br />

light source is located at infinity or is ”shifted“ there by a l<strong>en</strong>s. Since for suffi ci<strong>en</strong>tly<br />

large particles the light defl ection is dominated by diffraction, Fraunhofer theory can<br />

be used for particle size distribution down to the lower micrometre range. One major<br />

advantage of Fraunhofer theory lies in the fact that no knowledge of the optical<br />

properties of the examined material is required.<br />

The Mie Theory<br />

For particles with diameters that are not signifi cantly larger than the wavel<strong>en</strong>gth<br />

of the light used, the Mie theory is applied for the analysis of the measurem<strong>en</strong>ts.<br />

This theory was developed at the start of the 20 th c<strong>en</strong>tury by Gustav Mie and is the<br />

complete solution of the Maxwell equations for the scattering of electromagnetic<br />

waves by spherical particles. It can be used to analyse the characteristic int<strong>en</strong>sity<br />

distributions for ev<strong>en</strong> very small particles, which, in contrast to Fraunhofer theory,<br />

are not restricted to scattering angles of less than 90° (forward scattering). In fact,<br />

scattering angles of greater than 90° also occur (backward scattering). In order<br />

to be able to use the int<strong>en</strong>sity distribution for the calculation of the particle size,<br />

determined in this manner, the refraction index and absorption index of the sample<br />

must be known with the Mie theory in contrast to the Fraunhofer theory. The FRITSCH<br />

software includes a compreh<strong>en</strong>sive database containing the refraction indexes of<br />

numerous differ<strong>en</strong>t materials.<br />

26


B<strong>en</strong>efit from our experi<strong>en</strong>ce<br />

Choose FRITSCH Laser Particle Sizers to take advantage of the technical<br />

superiority of over 25 years of practical experi<strong>en</strong>ce in determining particle<br />

size distributions.<br />

Today, the laser diffraction technology in a converg<strong>en</strong>t laser beam introduced<br />

by FRITSCH is an international standard, and the models of the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

series are used as perfect assistants worldwide in research and developm<strong>en</strong>t<br />

as well as in production and quality control.<br />

With the <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> 12, FRITSCH also offers dynamic light scattering for use<br />

in the lower nanometre range. Easy to operate, fast and reliable. Request the<br />

separate leafl et for the Nano Particle Sizer <strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> 12 with dynamic light<br />

scattering.<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> 12<br />

DynaSizer<br />

Dynamic light scattering<br />

<strong>ANALYSETTE</strong> <strong>22</strong><br />

MicroTec plus and <strong>NanoTec</strong> plus<br />

Static light scattering<br />

DynaSizer (0.001 – 6 µm)<br />

MicroTec plus (0.08 – 2000 µm)<br />

<strong>NanoTec</strong> plus (0.01 – 2000 µm)<br />

0.08 6<br />

2000<br />

0.001 0.01 0.10 1 10 100 1000<br />

10000 (µm)<br />

We are happy to advise you<br />

For all questions regarding FRITSCH laser particle sizing and its possible application,<br />

please feel free to contact our expert Dr. Günther Crolly.<br />

Just call!<br />

+49 67 84 70 138<br />

crolly@fritsch-laser.com<br />

www.fritsch-laser.com<br />

27


<strong>Fritsch</strong> GmbH<br />

Milling and Sizing<br />

Industriestrasse 8<br />

55743 Idar-Oberstein<br />

Germany<br />

Phone +49 67 84 70 0<br />

Fax +49 67 84 70 11<br />

info@fritsch.de<br />

www.fritsch.de<br />

www.fritsch-laser.com<br />

Concept and design: Zink & Kraemer AG, Trier · Cologne, www.zuk.de<br />

Produktlasere-11-04-5/P

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