Horns in cattle - KOBRA - Universität Kassel

Winks et al. (1977) found that 36 % of dehorned mature Brahman steers had
suppurating sinuses 24 days after dehorning. Healing of the wounds was completed
between 58 and 65 days after dehorning.
Weight gains during 5 months post dehorning were significantly higher for horned
than for the dehorned steers (Winks et al., 1977). The size of the opening of the
frontal sinus was inversely related to the live weight gains during the immediate post
operative period, but overall gain was independent of size of sinus opening. However,
steers with suppurating wounds and small sinus openings gained less weight than
steers with small openings that had healed (Winks et al., 1977).
Moreover, dehorning of older calves of differing ages under very extensive conditions
such as in Australia can lead to mortalities of about 3 % due to exsanguination
(Petherick, 2005).
2.5.4.4. Comparison of methods and conclusions on pain caused
by disbudding/dehorning
Although in legal standards disbudding at different ages is usually treated differently,
e.g. in terms of anaesthesia requirements (e.g. Tierschutzgesetz, 2006), suggesting
that pain perception is more pronounced at older ages, there are almost no scientific
investigations available comparing indications of pain at different ages. However,
Taschke (1995), who investigated the defence reactions to hot iron disbudding of 73
calves (3 - 8 weeks), could not find any correlation between the calves’ age and the
intensity of the defence reactions. Likewise, looking at different studies that used
calves between 6 weeks and 6 months of age, plasma cortisol responses to different
disbudding or dehorning procedures show very similar patterns (Petrie et al., 1996;
McMeekan et al., 1997; 1998a, b; Sylvester et al., 1998a, b), suggesting that
noteworthy age related differences in pain perception do not exist. However, when
comparing disbudding and dehorning, effects due to type and size of the imposed
wounds may become important. In terms of animal performance, for instance Laden
et al. (1985) and Grøndahl-Nielsen et al. (1999) did not find any short- or long-term
effects of hot iron disbudding on food intake and growth rate in 4 to 6 and 8 week old
calves. On the contrary, after surgical dehorning in Brahman crossbred steers aged 4,
9, 19 and 30 months, weight gains were significantly reduced during the first 2 to 6
weeks (Loxton et al., 1982). In mature steers (Winks et al., 1977) and in Canadian
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