Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...
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Role <strong>of</strong> nutrition <strong>in</strong> captive broodstock ma<strong>in</strong>tenance:<br />
Nutrition <strong>of</strong> captive broodstock has a major role <strong>in</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>and</strong> quality<br />
seed production. Dur<strong>in</strong>g development <strong>of</strong> gonads, quality prote<strong>in</strong>, high pr<strong>of</strong>ile lipids<br />
especially PUFA, trace m<strong>in</strong>erals <strong>and</strong> supplemental vitam<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong>fluence the fecundity<br />
<strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> eggs. Invariably quality live feeds such as squid, clam meat, crab meat<br />
<strong>and</strong> polycheates meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> the develop<strong>in</strong>g gonads. However, quality,<br />
availability <strong>and</strong> cost <strong>of</strong> live feeds are the limit<strong>in</strong>g factors <strong>in</strong> captive broodstock<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> shrimps. Alternatively artificial pellet feeds hav<strong>in</strong>g, high quality<br />
prote<strong>in</strong>, lipids, enriched with trace m<strong>in</strong>eral <strong>and</strong> vitam<strong>in</strong>s could meet the feed<br />
requirements.<br />
The quality <strong>of</strong> artificial supplemental feed depend on:<br />
Type <strong>of</strong> selection <strong>of</strong> prote<strong>in</strong>s (plant / animal orig<strong>in</strong>)<br />
- Am<strong>in</strong>oacids pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> prote<strong>in</strong>s.<br />
- Plant rich <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> am<strong>in</strong>o acids - soyabean.<br />
- Animal source prote<strong>in</strong>s are preferred for their richness <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong><br />
am<strong>in</strong>oacids <strong>and</strong> fatty acids.<br />
Lipidpr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
- Animal orig<strong>in</strong> (fish oil are rich <strong>in</strong> omega 3 fatty acids.<br />
- Plant orig<strong>in</strong> (sunflower oil, corn oil are rich <strong>in</strong> omega 6 fatty acids).<br />
- Ratio <strong>of</strong> w3 : w6.<br />
- Rancid free oils.<br />
Balanced m<strong>in</strong>eral requirement<br />
- Fortification with trace m<strong>in</strong>erals (Cu, Zn, Se, Mn)<br />
- Ratio <strong>of</strong> Ca : P<br />
Vitam<strong>in</strong> fortification<br />
- Selected high doses <strong>of</strong> B-complex, A,C,D,E vitam<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> additives<br />
- Improve the gustatory stimulus (Glutamic acid, Beta<strong>in</strong>)<br />
- Certa<strong>in</strong> unknown factors (Squid) enhance quality seed production<br />
Biotechnological <strong>in</strong>tervention through Nutrition for captive brood stock:<br />
Shrimp seed quality depends on the type <strong>of</strong> nutrition that the mother shrimp<br />
feeds. Live feeds are the most nutritionally balanced feed <strong>and</strong> if given periodically <strong>in</strong><br />
a day (three times) to satiation, the broodstock maturation development is faster <strong>and</strong>
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