Training Manual Application of Genetics and Biotechnology in ...

Nutrition and Captive Broodstock Development
CHAPTER 7
Global aquaculture productions of shrimp had been facing immense
fluctuations through out the World due to number of factors. The decrease in
production tonnage for all species has been attributed to environmental degradation,
farm mismanagement and losses due to diseases which are the critical constraints for
continued development of sustainable shrimp aquaculture (FAO, 1997). In addition
to these inadequate domestication (poor closed - recirculation system , performance
of broodstock with the resultant in adequate supply of quality post larvae), limited
choice of different and economical live feed and inadequate water quality
management have been identified as further significant constraints to the
development of shrimp culture. Thus, there is considerable scope of application of a
wide range of the newly developing biotechnologies in an effort to ameliorate these
problems.
Presently wild broodstock availability, quality and cost had been the main
constraint for the disease free quality seed production. Factors such as transboundry
transfers of live shrimp - broodstock and post larvae are main causes of rapid
transmission of epizootic viral diseases in shrimp. Under these circumstances
conventional methods of controlling aquatic animal pathogens such as chemotherapy
appears to be less effective in managing newly emerging pathogens. Application of
molecular biotechnology in screening and detection of pathogens, elucidation of
pathogenicity, developmental of effective control and preventive measures in
treatment of disease have'been some of the latest intervention.
Complimentary approaches:
Sustainability of shrimp culture depends by using proper broodstock
management programmes, selection of specific pathogen free (SPF) from the wild,
raising them under strict sanitary conditions and propagating them through selective
breeding programmmes in raising specific pathogen resistant (SPR) could sustain